Martinsburg Gazette And Public Advertiser

The Mexican newspapers, called Correo de la Federacion Mexicana, of the 1st of January, contains a long and elaborate exposition of the state of affairs in that Republic. We have translated from it, the annexed account of the origin and distinctive traits of the two great parties into which the new nation is divided. The matter is curious in itself, and may become historically important from the issue of their struggles. -Nat. Gazette.

"During the last twelvemonth, there has been a development or expansion of two parties, which began to be distinguished under new denominations at the end of the year 1825. The establishment of the free masons of the ancient ritual of York, which took place in September of that year, excited the zeal and rivalry of the Scottish order irregularly established in the Republic, and whose labours look rather to political objects than mere beneficence. Many persons, who had antecedently belonged to the different political parties in the state, enlisted themselves in the two rival societies. In both, there are honorable and meritorious citizens, there are also ambitious, ignorant and enlightened members; but to the Scottish party have adhered, from sympathy, the Spaniards who were most conspicuous for their hatred to independence; those who most pertinaciously called for the Bourbons, those who advocated a central or consolidated government, in opposition to the unanimous will of the states, those who are adverse to salutary reforms; those who do the Mexican people the injustice to believe that they are incapable of governing themselves; those who were adherents of Iturbide, as they saw in him the prop of abuses and exclusive privileges.

The party which is denominated Yorkinos Yorkists, is dangerous in another point of view. A considerable number have united under this name, who are true republicans, and many who are republicans only from convenience. The mass of the people, now beginning to entertain ideas to which they were before utter strangers, and to take an interest in public affairs, from which they had been entirely separated, naturally incline to that side which bestows upon them notice and consideration. Those who, excited by the spirit of the age, desire the speedy reform of abuses; those who, smitten with the example of the United States of the North, aim at placing all things on the same footing here; those, in fact, who wish the title of Republic to be not imaginary, all have attached themselves closely to the standard of York."