Richmond Enquirer

REVOLUTION IN MEXICO.

The New Orleans Picayune of the 29th ult. brings one day's later news from Mexico. The barque Eugenia, with Mr. Cushing on board, brought accounts from Vera Cruz to the 12th December. The schr. Fortuna, which brings the news to New Orleans, left Vera Cruz the next day, (the 13th.) The additional accounts are not decisive of the fate of Santa Anna. We shall content ourselves with giving a few paragraphs from the Picayune, showing the then desperate state of Santa Anna's fortunes. The Picayune infers from the various intelligence it has collected, "that Santa Anna's career is drawing to a tragic close. Unless some lucky chance has befallen him, his doom, ere this, has been as terrible as well deserved. The new Cabinet has not had time to develope its policy in relation to foreign matters. The disturbances are so violent in their nature, and important in their results, as to leave the authorities little time to attend to any other concerns than such as relate to the crisis wrought in the domestic affairs of the country."

IMPORTANT FROM MEXICO.

By the arrival yesterday of the schooner Eortapa, from Vera Cruz, whence she sailed on the 13th Dec'r, we have the important information that the revolution, started in Jalisco by Gen. Paredes has finally extended almost entirely over the country, and that the complete overthrow of the tyrant Santa Anna is certain, although he is still in command of a few troops at Queretaro. In the city of Mexico, the revolution broke out on the 3d instant, and by the 7th all was quiet.—General Jose Joaquin de Herrera was in command at the last dates, with the title of Provisional President, while Canalizo and some of the chief minions of Santa Anna were in arrest.

On the 1st of December, fifty-five members of the House of Deputies issued a manifesto, protesting against the orders promulgated by President Santa Anna, and denouncing the Government for not having had him removed from office. The next day, ten others, who were not able to get into the hall on the 1st, signed it. The Senate likewise adopted the same proceeding on the 2d of December—every member, save four, of that body signing the articles of denunciation. This action giving great offence to the Dictator, it seems that, on the 3d December, General Canalizo, by the express order of Santa Anna, issued a decree for the dissolution of Congress. The dictator was at that time at Queretaro, at the head of some 8000 men, on his march against the revolutionists in Jalisco. No sooner was it known in Mexico, that the arbitrary decree had been promulgated, than an immense excitement was created among all classes. The Chambers at once made three protests, besides a proclamation to the citizens; but before they could have them printed, Canalizo issued a peremptory order that all the printing offices, with the single exception of that of El Diario del Gobierno, Santa Anna's own paid organ, should be closed, and that publications of every description were expressly forbidden. When these tyrannical decrees transpired, the excitement rose to such a pitch, that all business was suspended, and groups of men collected in all quarters to talk over the obnoxious measures, and prepared to act as circumstances might dictate. Canalizo, in the mean time, seeing the affairs were coming to a crisis, and deeming himself unsafe, collected at the palace all the troops he could gather, (some 2000 in number,) and shut himself up with them. Baranda, Rejon (the latter a name become familiar to the people of the United States) and Salas, three of Santa Anna's minions, also took refuge in the palace at the same time.

During the 4th and 5th of December the excitement continued, with little or no abatement at any time. Early on the 6th large numbers of the inhabitants; comprising not only the leperose and middling classes, but all the most wealthy and respectable citizens gathered, with arms in their hands, at the Convent of San Francisco. Here the members of Congress, having been driven from the Chambers, had assembled, amongst them being Generals Herrera, Garcia, Conde, and Cespedes. Previous to this the greater part of the troops in the garrison and in la Ciudadela had really pronounced in favor of the revolution. Generals Conde and Cespedes had come from the Ex-Acordada, where the movement was going on, and reunited themselves with the deputies in the Convent.

From this place, as we learn by some of the accounts, the entire body—members of Congress, citizens leperose and all—marched to the principal plaza in front of the palace, and ordered Canalizo to surrender—giving him two hours to reflect and no more. Thinking that his officers and soldiers would stand by him, Canalizo prepared to attack the citizens, and called upon his troops to make a sortie. At this crisis, one of his officers exclaimed that he was the soldier of no tyrant but of the nation, and then shouted, "Long live the Congress." This cry was taken up by the ranks stationed at the palace, when Canalizo at once fled in consternation to his apartments.

Here he was commanded to surrender, and, in reply, he assented, on condition that his safety was guaranteed, and passports to leave the country were given to him, the four Ministers and the Commandante-General. What disposition was made of this demand, our accounts do not say: but it is certain that he was detained a prisoner in the palace, together with Salas, the Commandante General, as he is called. The Ministers of War, and of the Home Department, had been set at liberty upon giving security, while Rejon and Baranda had made their escape.

On the 7th of December, Gen. Herrera was appointed Provisional President of the Republic with a Cabinet, as follows: Don Luis G. Cuevas, Minister of Foreign Relations: Don Mariano Riva Palacios, of Justice and Public Instruction: Don Pedro Echeverria, of Internal Affairs Gen. Pedro Garcia Conde, of War and Marine.

On the evening of the 6th and during the whole of the 7th of December the greatest rejoicings took place in the city of Mexico, accompanied by many acts which show the deep detestation in which Santa Anna was held. A number of his portraits in the public places were dragged through the streets, torn into fragments, and every lepero preserved a piece as a memento of their oppressor's downfall. The statue of Santa Anna in the plaza was tumbled down, broken in pieces, and the head borne in triumph through the city. It is also stated that the crowd, intoxicated with joy and frantic with revenge, afterwards proceeded to the monument where the leg of their Dictator had been buried with so much pomp a year or two since broke it into atoms, and then kicked and dragged the embalmed limb through the plazas and principal thoroughfares. While all this was being enacted by the mob, the more prominent citizens were rejoicing heartily in the change of Government. Messages of congratulation between the triumphant Senate and House were interchanged and the new President, Herrera, was waited upon by the crowds, who appeared most joyous in obtaining relief from the despotic rule under which they have groaned since the downfall of Bustamente. Such were the scenes enacted in Mexico great were the rejoicings all over the country.

The revolution against Santa Anna appears to be general, yet we hear of little bloodshed except at Jalapa, where a few persons were killed.—At Puebla, the inhabitants rose as with one voice, tumbled down the statue of the obnoxious Tyrant, and tore his portrait into a thousand tatters.

Here we will insert an extract of a letter to a gentleman in this city, showing the completeness of the revolution.

It is dated,

"VERA CRUZ, Dec. 11, 1844.

"As far as I can learn, no place holds out for Santa Anna. Jalapa, Perote, Orizaba and Cordova have pronounced, and the great man's fall appears to me inevitable. I do not see a loophole for him to creep out of, and I shall be glad if I am the first to give you this decisive news.

"This has been a revolution of public opinion. Not a sword has been drawn nor a drop of blood spilt; and, amidst all the apparent disorder of a revolution, and with no military to restrain the populace, no excess has been committed.

"Here Santa Anna's portrait was taken out of the Municipal Rooms and thrown to the populace, who tore it into a thousand pieces. The greatest enthusiasm prevailed; and, as I said before, in the midst of all this confusion, there is not a single instance of any excess having been committed. This is the triumph of popular opinion over the force of arms, and is the commencement of a new era in the existence of the Mexican Republic.

"It is asserted, that the new Government offers Santa Anna no terms short of his paying up the twelve millions of dollars of the public money he is charged with having uselessly squandered or appropriated to his own private purposes.—This condition it can scarcely be possible to execute, and in default of complying with it, the deposed tyrant is threatened with death."