The New Hampshire Gazette

Of the American Envoys.

State of the Negotiation between France and America.

Paris, 18 Thermidor, (August 6.)

The conferences opened at Paris with the Envoys of the United States are at present suspended: and there is little hope of their being successfully resumed for some time. It appears that the powers vested in the Envoys are too limited to enable them to conclude a treaty which shall give the same advantages to the Republic as those granted to the English by the treaty made with Mr. Jay. France chooses rather to decline treating with the United States, than to sanction the privileges which they have accorded to her enemy.

The question in dispute will appear from the following particulars.

The United States and England, by the 25th article of their treaty, mutually stipulate a free entrance into their respective ports, with complete protection to the privateers and ships of war of the two countries, and the prizes taken from their enemies. And they engage never to conclude a treaty extending the same favour to any nation at war with either of the contracting parties. The treaty of 1778, between France and the United States having been annulled by the latter and now regarded as if it never had existed, they conceive that they cannot give the same privileges to France without violating their treaty with England. The French Republic does not seem disposed to ratify, to her own prejudice and in favour of the English, her enemies and rivals, a proceeding so unexpected on the part of the Americans, with whom she recently made a common cause against those very enemies, directed to the same object for which France herself is now at war--the attainment of liberty and independence.

It is unfortunate that the United States so precipitately annulled the treaty of 1778. They themselves, now repent that they were induced to take that step, as it deprives them of the power of giving to France or any other country the same advantages which they have conferred on the English. Their diplomatic agents must have been very short sighted, or very partial to the interests of England--or their Envoys must give a wrong interpretation to their instructions, and the treaty alluded to; since it appears that France, renouncing the claims she may have of the priority of the treaty of 1778, now offers to treat without demanding any other advantage than those enjoyed by the English, and which they have exercised during the present war; and the Ambassadors must come with a very bad grace to negotiate a peace, if they are not vested with power to accede to these conditions.

The negotiation was opened on the part of the French Commissioners, on the supposition that the treaty of 1778 was still in force. It was, indeed, natural to suppose that, the two nations never having been in a state of war with each other, this treaty could not have been annulled without the consent of both countries; and in this point of view it was that the French Commissioners offered an indemnification to the Americans, by admitting the principle of compensation for illegal captures.

They even proceeded further: instead of demanding from the Americans the indefinite guarantee of the French colonies, the article of the treaty which was most disadvantageous to the former, they agreed to the substitution of a special guarantee, such as appears to be contained in the instructions of the preceding Ambassadors, according to the copy of them published by Congress.

But the American Envoys were not authorized to renew this treaty, even after retrenching the article respecting the guarantee of the French islands. France, therefore, conceived herself exempted from the obligation of compensating for the captures; the Americans themselves having, by abrogating the treaty, destroyed the basis on which only their claims could have been founded.

It thus appears that the negotiation turned chiefly on three points:

1. The continuance in force, or the modified renewal of the treaty of 1778. France waived this point, in consequence of the assurance of the American Envoys that they could not renew it.

2. The principle of compensation for illegal captures.--This point France offered to admit; but on condition only that the treaty of 1778 should be renewed, with the modification stated in the instructions given by Washington.

3. The 25th article of the treaty between the United States and Great-Britain, relative to the protection granted to the armed vessels of that nation. France will most probably insist upon enjoying the same advantage as long as it is possessed to her injury by her enemies.

There is another principle which France is very anxious to establish; and on the adoption of which she has strongly insisted; a principle which it is still more the interest and policy of the Americans to carry into execution. But the treaty of 1793 with the English prevents them from acceding to this system, namely, that neutral bottoms shall constitute neutral property. France however hopes to induce the powers of the north to establish this system, to be excluded from the benefit of which would be highly injurious to the Americans.

It appears however, that these diplomatic conferences, have been conducted in the most amicable manner, and so as to leave only an impression of regret that it was impossible to remove the difficulties which had occurred. The American Ambassadors, during their residence at Paris, have been treated with every possible mark of respect, and enjoyed all the distinctions conferred on the Ministers of our Allies. As it is at present, the principle and system of France to respect and protect the law of nations, and the rights of neutrality, it is to be hoped that the frank and equitable conduct which she holds, with regard to neutral states will soon remove the differences which have occurred between her and the United States; and that even should the present negotiation not terminate in a treaty, the American flag shall, notwithstanding, continue to be respected, and their vessels treated as those of a friendly nation in our Courts of Law.

Orders are issued to the privateers to respect all neutral flags, among which the American is undoubtedly the most numerous; and American vessels are daily released by the Courts, with damages against the owners of the privateers. There are now about fifty causes before the Councils of Prizes respecting vessels taken in the European seas, and those of the vessels which really belong to Americans will assuredly be restored. The fate of such, however, as were furnished with letters of marque, does not appear to be yet determined. It is thought that they cannot be given up without sanctioning the conduct of the Americans in arming them unless the restitution should result from a new treaty of amity.

The preceding particulars, though not of official, have been communicated by the most respectable authority.