The Massachusetts Spy, And Worcester County Advertiser

The Massachusetts Spy

The arrivals from Europe during the past week have brought the accounts of the commencement and rapid progress of a most important REVOLUTION IN FRANCE.

The result of the late elections, so favorable to the liberal party, and so inauspicious to the designs of the ultra-royalists, could not fail to satisfy the ministers of Charles X that they must either yield their places, and suffer the king to throw himself into the arms of the liberal party, or resort to extraordinary and unusual means to retain their power.— With an infatuation, for which it is difficult to account, they chose the latter. A report on the state of public affairs, and on the means necessary to provide for the public safety, was drawn up by the ministers and presented to the king. Accompanying the publication of this report, were three Ordinances of the King, in conformity with the recommendations which suspended the liberty of the press; the second dissolved the Chamber of Deputies, which had just been chosen; and the third ordered a new election, to be made by a small portion, only, of the constitutionally qualified voters!

The report occupies two close columns, and is signed by Prince de Polignac, President of the Council, and by the Ministers of Justice, the Interior, Marine, Finances, Ecclesiastical Affairs, and Public Works. It is very spirited and ably written. It speaks of signs of disorganization and symptoms of anarchy manifested upon almost every point of the Kingdom: describes the existence of a spirit which threatens the foundation of order, and to deprive France of the happiness which for fifteen years she has enjoyed under the sceptre of Kings; which foments among the people a disposition of defiance and hostility against governments, and every where to sow the seeds of discord and civil war. These and numerous other evils are attributed to the liberty allowed the periodical press; and its effects on the law of elections, presaging new commotions, did not the King possess the power of remedying the evil. In this tirade against the press, it is described as the source of corruption which threatens the Kingdom with destruction; as having infused a turbulent democracy into the laws, as a substitute for legitimate power; and as being the parent of falsehood, misrepresentation and terror. It then declares, it is time, it is more than time, to arrest its ravages." It asserts, that no government can be stable, if it has not the right to provide for its own safety; declares that the 14th article of the Charter has given to the King full powers to provide for the public safety; and cites the law of 1814, enacted in the infancy of the Charter, as a precedent most accordant with its spirit." The decrees then follow :-

DECREES OF THE KING.

Charles, &c. Art. 1. The liberty of the press is suspended. [Then follow the regulations of the Censorship, with the exceptions; and re-enacting three articles of the law of 1814.]

SECOND DECREE.

Charles, by the grace of God King of France and Navarre. To all those to whom these presents may come, greeting: In virtue of the Fiftieth article of the Constitution, having been informed of the manœuvres practised in many parts of our Kingdom to deceive and mislead the electors during the last operation of the electoral colleges, our Council being heard, we have ordained and do ordain:

Art. 1. The Chamber of Deputies is dissolved.

2. Our Minister of Interior is charged with the execution of the present ordinance.

Given at St. Cloud, the 25th day of July, in the year of our Lord 1830, and the eighth of our reign.

Charles.

By the King:

CH. de Peyronnet,

Minister of the Interior.

Then follow the new qualifications of the electors and eligibles.

THIRD DECREE.

Charles, by the Grace of God King of France and Navarre. To all those to whom these presents may come, greeting : Having resolved to prevent the recurrence of measures, which have exercised a pernicious influence upon the late operations of the electoral colleges; wishing, in consequence, to reform, according to the principles of the Constitution, those rules of election of which experience has taught the inconvenience, we have recognized the necessity of employing the power in us vested, to provide by acts emanating from us, for the security of the State and the suppression of every enterprize directed against the dignity of the Crown. For these reasons, our Council being heard, we have ordained and do ordain :

Art. 1. Agreeably to the 15th, 26th and 30th articles of the Constitution, the Chamber of Deputies will be composed only of Deputies of Departments.

By the law on the Elections, as it stood before the publication of the new order, the Deputies consisted of two divisions, one chosen by the electoral colleges of the arrondissements, or sections of departments, and the other by the electoral colleges of departments. The electors composing the former or inferior colleges were all persons paying an annual tax of 300 francs, or about 60 dollars, and the number in France was about 80,000. The superior colleges were composed in each department of the fourth part paying the highest taxes, of the electors for the inferior colleges in the same department. The number of this class of electors for all France was of course about 20,000, and by this arrangement they had the privilege of a double vote—first in the inferior, and afterwards in the superior colleges.

By the effect of this order, the election is thrown entirely into the hands of the superior colleges, which, in the language of the order, elect the deputies. The inferior colleges are to have no further voice in the matter, than to present to the superior ones twice the number of deputies they formerly chose, out of which candidates the superior colleges must choose one half the deputies. As nothing is said of any change in the number of deputies composing the chamber, it probably remains the same as other system.

It is admitted by the Ministers in their Report to the King, that the measures recommended, and since adopted, are illegal. The charter, in fact, formally secures the right of suffrage to all persons paying a tax of 300 francs: while by the late order three-fourths of the electors thus constituted are virtually disqualified, and the number of qualified electors is farther diminished, by restricting the privilege to persons paying land and poll taxes. The suspension of the liberty of the Press, under the present circumstances, is also in formal opposition to the letter of the law. The government had by law the right of subjecting periodical publications to a censorship during a recess of the chambers: but it was specially provided that by the mere fact of a dissolution of the House of Deputies, and the ordering of a new election, the liberty of the press should revive without any act or order of the government. As the present order suspending this liberty is of the same date with the one ordering a new election, it is of course ab initio legally null and void.

These Ordonnances, which were the immediate cause of the explosion, were dated on the 25th of July, and published on the 26th, which was Monday. Simultaneously with the issuing of these decrees, Marshal Marmont, (Duke of Ragusa,) was invested with the command of the troops. On the day following. (the 26th.) the Bank refused to discount bills, upon which all the manufacturers discharged their workmen, and the streets of Paris were filled with groups discussing aloud the extraordinary state of things.

On the evening of the same day, the following proclamation from the Prefect of Police, &c., was posted up in Paris, which served to increase the agitation already produced :

" We. Prefect of Police. &c., seeing the ordinance of the King, dated the 25th inst., which put again in force articles 1, 2, and 9, of the law of the 21st of October, 1814, &c., we have ordained and ordain as follows-

"Art.1. Every individual who shall distribute printed writings, on which there shall not be the true indication of the names, profession, and residence of the author and of the printer, or who shall give to the public the same writings to read, shall be brought before the commissary of Police of the quarter, and the writings shall be seized.

"2. Every individual keeping a reading-room, coffee-house, &c. who shall give to be read, journals or other writings, printed contrary to the ordinance of the King of the 25th inst. relative to the press, shall be prosecuted as guilty of the misdemeanors which these Journals, or writings, may constitute, and his establishment shall be provisionally closed."

Tuesday, the 27th, was early a day of great excitement and agitation. The Police were busy in attempting to prevent the people from visiting the usual places of resort for papers and news. The Journal of Commerce appeared by permission, and a royal ordinance was issued, requiring the printer to proceed with his composition the following day. A similar order was issued for the publication of La France Nouvelle, but it was disobeyed. The students of the schools were ordered not to take part in any illegal assemblages and public disorders. On both sides blood was shed. Indeed the insurrection had commenced, in consequence of the decree against the freedom of the press, the following journals were suppressed on the 27th: The Constitutionnel, with its 27,000 subscribers, the Courrier Francais, the Journal du Commerce, the National, the French Times, the Messager des Chambers, and all the rest of the liberal or moderate papers of the Liberal side were put down. The English were without their Galignani's Messenger, and their London Express; and the following are the only papers which had liberty to appear that morning, viz.: Moniteur, Universal, Quotidienne, Gazette de France, Drapeau Blanc. The proprietors of Journals purely ministerial experienced, of course, no difficulty; but all others, which treated, in the most remote degree, of political matters. were unlicensed.

On Wednesday, the 28th, Paris was in possession of the insurgents. The citizens were all armed with pikes, with pistols, with fire-arms, or with bludgeons. The soldiers had, for the most part, either joined with, or refused to act against, the people. The seizure of the presses of the liberal journals, appeared to be the signal for the manifestation-of public opinion. The populace was no longer to be intimidated by the troops, and bloodshed ensued to a frightful extent on Tuesday and Wednesday. Many of the National Guards now spontaneously took up arms in defence of the public liberties, but the government neglected to profit by this open demonstration of feeling, and persevered in the course which terminated in its ruin. This state of things continued until the enraged populace and the National Guard attacked and carried the Hotel de Ville and several small posts. The King's troops then charged in turn, and after an obstinate resistance, in which much blood was spilled, succeeded in retaking them The possession, however, was of short duration, the students of the Ecole de Droit, and of the Ecole Polytechnic, fell vigorously on the military and drove them from their posts. The National Guard being then organized to a considerable extent, and having at their head General Gerard, undertook the duty of protecting the city, and gained over to the cause of the people, the 5th and 53d regiments of the line.

During these proceedings the populace being formed into bands, armed every way, and organized to a great extent, gained considerable ground, and pushed their advantages to the extremities of the city. The Royal Guards, who had been ordered to evacuate Paris, were directed to proceed to St. Cloud. The third regiment of Guards and the Swiss Guards who had not quitted their posts at the Tuileries, were attacked there at twelve o'clock in the day, and the post being forced, the troops retreated to the Louvre. Here they were again attacked at three o'clock, and after a heavy firing, they were dispossessed, and finding further resistance hopeless, retired from Paris. A meeting of the Peers had taken place, but with no material result. The Deputies met in Paris, and agreed to a Protest, which was sent to the King at St. Cloud; but it did not appear that the King would make any concession. The Deputies, on ascertaining the obstinacy of the King, re-assembled to deliberate, and to take measures for the safety of the country.

Of these events and those which succeeded up to Saturday, the 31st an interesting narrative is given in the following letters from an eye-witness, to the editors of the London Morning Herald.

Paris, July 30.

A postscript to my private note to you on Tuesday evening was couched in these terms:" We are in for a revolution."

On Tuesday evening, July 27th, matters began to wear a very serious aspect. The gendarmes posted on the Place du Palais Royal were incessantly attacked, by what you in London would call a mob of dandies, with a perseverance and a desperation of which all the riots, revolts, tumults, or revolutions of England afford no example. They were supported, it is true, by the young Bourgeois, and by the lower classes, but the majority, at 5 o'clock, were Paris fops, with rattans in their hands, and pistols in their pockets. Some of them were killed. Wishing to see something of the matter, I took a cabriolet and attempted to drive through the Place du Palais Royal, and got into the thick of the fight. The Cab-driver had been a chasseur a cheval, (horseman) of the Imperial Guard. When we reached the tails of the horses of the line of gendarmes posted opposite the Rue Froidmanteau, the excitement was too much for him. The people were charged by the cavalry—fired their pistols in their faces, retired, and returned to the attack, with cries of Vengeance! Liberte! A bas le Roi! Vive la Charte! Vive l'Empereur! Vive Napoleon II! La Mort a Polignac! La Mort a Peyronnet! Liberte ou La Mort! This was too much for my cocher. He lost his head, and charged the gendarmes in arriere with his miserable old horse. I seized the reins and checked him, knowing how much he was compromising our safety, but it was in vain, for, rising on his feet, and flourishing his casquette over his head, he roared with all his power, Vive l'Empereur! Determined, as some imagined the gendarmes to beat that fine. I fancied I saw thus early symptoms of fear and indecision among them. Still, they fought with certainty and desperation, but every moment their assailants were reinforced by boys, workmen, clerks, students, coachmen, and, in short, all classes. The firing became every moment more sharp. I returned home, and after dinner was making my way again to the Palace Royal, when I met a band of men in the Rue Vivienne, bearing the corpse of one of their unhappy comrades. As they passed the Rue Colbert, where there was a Swiss post, their cries of vengeance were frightful. They took the body to the Place de la Bourse, stripped and exhibited it, surrounded by candles, and amid the unceasing cries of "Vengeance," and "To arms, to arms!" The report of an odd shot fell upon the ear at intervals; but although the streets were crowded no other sound was heard, save those above mentioned. A little later, and the lanterns were smashed. and their long cords left dangling in the center of the street, bringing to mind the dreadful use made of them 41 years before. At 10 o'clock the guard house of the Place de la Bourse was attacked, the gendarmes expelled, and the guard house itself set on fire. A party of firemen arrived to extinguish the flames, but they would not be allowed to act, and suffered themselves to be disarmed.

Later, all the armorers' shops in Paris were attacked, and every weapon carried off. At 11 o'clock comparative quiet reigned throughout Paris; but the nature of such a calm could not be misunderstood. At 4 o'clock in the morning, the people began to assemble at many points, but principally in the Rue St. Honore. The well dressed mob of the preceding day re-appeared, and reinforced, but were out-numbered by the terrible men from the Faubourgs [suburbs] of St. Antoine and Marceau. The Tuileries were approached, but no act of hostility occurred up to ten o'clock. In the mean while the brave of the ci-devant Garde Nationale began to assemble on the Boulevards, in the Place de Greve, and in other places, with the certainty of death if defeated. At the same moment, a new and most important incident occurred. The students of the Polytechnic School having been dismissed without their swords, (lads of from fifteen to twenty-three years of age,) joined the people nearly to a man, then separated, proceeding singly to different parts to take the command of the people, or rather to receive it from them; and nobly did they repay the confidence so placed in them. In an hour an immense force was brought to bear on several points. The Hotel de Ville was attacked, carried, and became the point d'appui. The depot of artillery in the Rue du Bac, was equally carried, and the cannon carried off to the most important points, and worked with amazing coolness and effect for 12 hours by those heroic youths. The Tuileries were attacked, and defended by the third regiment of the Garde Royale. (all whom were Vendeans,) they were the first soldiers who fired on the people on Wednesday. Early in the day the Sapeurs Pompiers surrendered. A large proportion of the gendarmes soon afterwards followed their example. I should have said earlier that the whole garrison of Paris had been ordered out on the preceding night. The 5th regiment were ordered, " Make ready!" to fire on the people on the Boulevard. They did so. "Present!" and they turned their pieces on their Colonel, waiting with singular coolness for the word, " Fire!" That officer immediately broke his sword upon his knee, tore off his epaulettes, and retired. The people threw themselves into the arms of the soldiers, who received their embrace but maintained their position. "Vive la Ligne!" (regiments of the line,) was, in consequence, during the night, and ever since, a constant exclamation with the people.

At ten o'clock I went to the Place du Carousel. In the Rue Richlieu, and all the neighborhood of the Rue St. Honore, the parties were en face. The 3d Guards maintained the appearance of determination to fight. The people were accumulating frightfully. Not a word was spoken. The garden of the Tuileries was closed. In the Place du Carousel I found three squadrons of Lancers of the Garde Royale, a battalion of the 3d regiment of the Garde, and a battery of six pieces, also of the Garde. The Tuileries and Louvre were occupied by a regiment of Swiss Guards. Unhappy men! the examples of former days were lost upon them. They have perished! A few soldiers of the Garde were eating their breakfast—all the rest, to whom I have referred, were on the qui vive, ready to mount or fall in. I passed on to the Quai du Louvre. The Pont des Arts (a wooden bridge for foot passengers opposite the Louvre,) and the Palace of the Institute, were so crowded, that I turned fortunately to the Pont Royal. At that moment a dreadful tiraillade was heard in the direction of the Place de Greve. It was answered by a rolling fire in every direction, and in five minutes 15,000 of the finest troops in the world found themselves engaged with citizens, variously armed. Here was a small party of elderly men, National Guards, who, with a sang froid only equalled by that of the beardless students of the Polytechnic School, opened their fire on the Garde Royale—horse and foot, and artillery, French and Swiss—taking special care to avoid injuring the regiments of the line, who remained grave spectators of the slaughter that ensued. In another direction might be seen the ferocious Federes of the quarters St. Antoine and Marceau, with their pikes of 1815, or other less terrible-looking weapons—thousands of women and unarmed people looking on and encouraging the popular party. For ten hours the war raged incessantly. On every side without intermission, musketry rolled, cannons thundered, shouts and cries were heard. I proceeded to a remote quarter of the town, which I found quiet as on ordinary occasions; but the cruel certainty that death ensued among the combatants every instant, the still more appalling doubt respecting the event, the dread of danger which menaced every man in Paris, and the doleful tolling of the tocsin, produced sensations, the nature of which may be conceived.

I had sat for two hours, at a window overlooking the city, with a Colonel of the Imperial Old Guard. His face was immoveable, but he spoke not a word. His practised ear detected what I could not have discovered, for although a league and a half from the Hotel de Ville. the first words he uttered for two hours burst from his lips with a tone of triumph—" Nous avons un point d'apui la." The Hotel de Ville had surrendered, and the new sound proceeded from the victor and the retreating enemy. The " line" (the regiments of the line) fired no shot during the day. The 53d refused to act. The cannoniers of the Guard gave their pieces an angle of elevation which spared assailants who spared not them, for the intention was not ascertained. The cavalry were cut up in a hundred charges. The tri-colored flag soon floated on the tower of the Hotel de Ville. and on those of the Cathedral, (Notre Dame.) I am obliged to suspend details, and to be irregular from hurry.

On Tuesday night Prince Polignac narrowly escaped being made prisoner. His house was roughly handled. "On Wednesday night the celebrated Abbe de Frayssinous (Bishop of Hermopolis,) was arrested. All the priests disappeared during that day. The Ministers all ran off, save Debelleme, who was thrown into prison for allowing some of the journals to be printed. At ten o'clock the Tuileries and Louvre still held out, but at that moment I saw marching along the Boulevard part of a regiment of Lancers, whose appearance indicated extreme fatigue. They were quickly followed by a portion of a regiment of infantry of the Guard. "These are new troops," I observed to a military gentleman of experience; "you know the regiments in the departments have been called up to town." "Tis a retreat," said he, " they are in full deroute—mark how the drums, music, officers, and soldiers, are mingled: and, behold, there is a wounded officer. They must be sorely pressed, for see how his leg bleeds, and is still unbound. Many of them are, moreover, without shoes!" A regiment (or the remains of a regiment) of Cuirasiers, mixed up with Gendarmes de Chasse, next followed—the horses cut up, and the men fainting. Lastly a portion of a regiment of the line followed with a melancholy air. The remainder of the three regiments first mentioned were dead. and, as my friend guessed, the survivors with some soldiers of a regiment of the line, were on their way to join the King at St. Cloud, where they arrived in a most confused state yesterday.

The attack on the Louvre and Tuileries was renewed early yesterday, and with success, but with great slaughter. The palace was pillaged. The different barracks of the unhappy Swiss Guards were carried in the course of the day, and the Swiss (having refused to surrender) cut to pieces. A regiment of Hussars of the Guard marched in from Orleans yesterday morning, but, hearing of the retreat of those above mentioned, they halted in the Place Louis XVI. and in the course of the day retreated upon St. Cloud, receiving a heavy fire on their way. At four o'clock in the evening there was not a man in arms against the people in Paris. The tri-colored flag waved once more over all the public monuments. The joy was universal. The appointment of Gen. Lafayette to the command of the National Guard was a happy circumstance; 80,000 will be organized to-night. At this instant the disarming of the rabble is in progress. There is a large boat at this moment receiving its melancholy freight of dead from the Palace of the Louvre. The Duc d'Orleans will be king. His son is marching to Paris in aid of the Bourgeois, at the head of his regiment of Hussars. General Gerard is at the head of the armed force under Lafayette. The Royal emblems and every memento of Royalty have disappeared every where. The King of France, whoever he shall be, must be a very limited Monarch to receive the approbation of the people. "Napoleon II," is in the mouths of all the lower orders. The troops are assembling in the Place du Carousal, to march upon St. Cloud—but there will be little fighting. At the moment I write, there are placards posted, with these words—"No more Bourbons!"

July 31.

This is surely the most-extraordinary nation on the face of the earth. The day before yesterday Paris was filled with 150,000 men engaged in mortal combat—its streets ran rivers of blood, and reverberated the thunder of artillery—the roll of musketry—the perpetual tapping of the pas de charge—the tolling of the tocsin—the cheers of the combatants.—the shrieks and groans of the wounded and dying. Yesterday morning all was calm. The military service was performed with order and precision by 100,000 men, who never before this week figured as soldiers—under the influence, to be sure, of those heroic youths, the scholars of the Ecole Polytechnic, and the example of the National Guards. A decent gravity reigned every where during the day. At every instant were to be met men carrying on biers such of the wounded as could be transported to the hospitals with safety; 1500 of all parties are in the Hotel Dieu alone. While each of those unfortunate poor fellows passed, every man present spontaneously and most respectfully took off his hat. The dead were also honorably disposed of. The number in the Louvre was immense. Eighty were borne to a spot opposite the eastern gate of that building yesterday, and buried with military honors. Nearly as many were put on board of a lighter, and brought down the Seine to the Champ de Mars, and there appropriately interred. A considerable number, among whom were four Englishmen, who fell on the preceding day, were buried in the March des Innocens.

The evening was, if possible, more interesting and imposing. Already had the principal portion of the Garde Nationale been reorganized, and with "the people," the persons dignified by the superior orders as canaille, been put in possession of all the military posts of the metropolis, and occupied them with the air of veterans. Along the quays and streets the female inhabitants were to be seen seated in groups preparing bandages and lint for the wounded. The passages (arcades) afforded striking instances of this benevolent disposition. All the milliners, and their shopwomen and workwomen, were to be seen sitting outside their shops (because those, being closed, afforded no light,) busily engaged in making lint. Paris is so fortified interiorly that a million of men would hardly suffice to carry it. I forget how many thousand streets it contains, but every street of them is capable of long and protracted defence—the means for which, however, I do not feel at liberty to describe.* The Ecole [School] Militaire surrendered yesterday. The artillery from Vincennes, marched upon St. Cloud. The fortress itself remains in possession of the King's troops. The Duc de Bordeaux is said to be there.- Poor child! I am sure he would not be molested. If menaced, he would certainly be preserved by the Garde Nationale, at the expense of their lives—yea, even the commonest laborer would answer for his safety, if he were thrown upon him for protection. The Priests had all disappeared, or, if visible, were disguised. The Provisional government caused them to be informed that they were under the protection of the nation, and might resume their functions in security. They have, in consequence, all returned to their churches and houses. A large force has assembled at Versailles and St. Cloud, with the intention, it is said, of remaining there. They do not intend attacking Paris, it is believed, but if attacked, they will fight. They occupy Meudon and Mount Valerien (the heights to the right and left of St. Cloud.) Several hundred soldiers of the regiment of the Guard are said to have left their regiments within these two days, and are to be met with in Paris with their moustaches shaven off.

The number of men under arms this day is comparatively small. The chateau of the Tuileries remains in the hands of the brave fellows who took it. The loss of both parties on Thursday was immense. It was evident to every man who saw them that the French troops were dejected. Some of them had not tasted food for 30 hours. They fought moreover against their own countrymen. The poor Swiss had still more cause for dejection, for they apprehended that no quarter would be shown them. They were wrong, for the lives of all who surrendered were spared. The people fought like lions. At one point a woman, in the costume of her sex, headed the Bourgeois, and was the boldest of the combatants, if degrees of bravery can be admitted in this most memorable conflict of modern times. A woman in man's clothes, fought at the attack on the Swiss barracks in the Rue Plumet. The third regiment of the Guard (Vendeans) fought with extraordinary bravery and devotion. Many of the Cuirassiers surrendered their swords. The Lancers of the Guard—the finest body of men in the country—fought with heroism and constancy, but were dreadfully cut up. Many of them (private soldiers) were young men of family. The manner in which the Swiss fought, and the nature of the engagement, may be taken from the following instance: A company of them defended one portion of the Rue St. Honore. They were reduced to sixty when I saw them, and fought in three lines of single files The people occupied the whole breadth of the street in front of them. The foremost Swiss soldier would fire or attempt to fire, and he would fall pierced with balls before he could wheel to gain the rear. The same occurred to the next, and so until they had every one fallen. The contest here, at the Louvre, the Tuileries, and at the Place de Greve, was maintained with the most deadly obstinacy. The Rue St. Honore, for two days, was a perpetual scene of slaughter. There may be counted in the front of the house, which forms the corner of the streets de Rohan and St. Honore, five thousand shot-holes. The Louvre (except the Picture Gallery—what a nation!) was on all sides attacked and defended at the same moment, and for hours. In the Court of the Louvre a field piece was planted, which commanded the Pont des Arts, being exactly opposite the Institute. Here the fighting was so dreadful, and so maintained, that the front of the Palace of the Institute is speckled with musket and grape shot. One cannon ball only appears to have been fired. It has smashed a portion of the wall, and from its elevation, must have caused dreadful execution in sweeping the bridge. The attack on the Tuileries was not of as long duration ; it was over in two or three hours. A young fellow marched on with a tri-colored flag at the head of the attacking Bourgeois. A thousand balls, fired from the front of the Chateau, whistled by him without touching him. He continued to march with sang froid, but with, at the same time, an air of importance, up to the triumphal arch, and remained there until the end of the battle. The neighborhood of the Hotel de Ville, was the theatre of a still more dreadful conflict. The people occupied the Quai Pelletier, and the Place de Greve. After a most sanguinary struggle, they were slowly beaten from the Quay into the Place, which with the Hotel de Ville, maintained against some of the finest troops in the universe throughout the day, and until these troops retreated.

The Lieutenancy of the Kingdom is offered to the Duc d'Orleans. The King is said to have gone to Lille. All the emblems of Royalty are removed, and the names of streets referring to it are expunged. The Deputies are again assembled this moment at La Fitte's. What a deplorable act was the issuing of the Ordonnance on Monday last. What slaughter has ensued! What changes have been effected by it! Respecting a renewal of the engagement, I repeat my hope that it will not be attempted. Several of the officers of the Garde Royale who fought on Wednesday have resigned their commissions; amongst others Count (I think) La tour du Pin, giving as his reason his objection to fight against his countrymen. if this example be widely imitated, the affair will end without further bloodshed; if not, the contemplation is too horrible to be entertained for a moment. The shops are still very generally closed. notwithstanding the proclamation of the municipality. As you may suppose, much distress would be felt by the people, (being all unemployed,) had not arrangements been made for their subsistence. The families requiring aid receive bread and other provisions. The men on duty, in like manner, receive bread, cheese, meat, and wine, which the different parties parade through the streets, preceded by a drum.

The order that prevails reflects upon the people and their chiefs the highest honor. The National Guard will have immortalized itself by its exemplary conduct in protecting persons and property from possible injury. To the credit of the Parisians be it known, that, amid all their excitement, no foreigner has been insulted; but I should exhaust all terms of eulogy were I to dwell much upon the valor of the French during the combat, and their excellent conduct when even flushed with victory over an obstinate and brave enemy. Money is not to be had. The money-changers have all disappeared, so that foreign coin, or securities, cannot be turned into French specie. On the evening of Wednesday an eagle (of one of Napoleon's old regiment,) was mounted over the triumphal arch in the Place du Carousel, together with the tri-colored flag. The flag remains, but the eagle has been taken down. The tri-colored cockade, or breast-knot, is general, not only among the French, but Russians, English, Germans, Danes, and other foreigners.

From the Journal of Debates, July 30.

For three days Paris has been fired upon with cannon and grape shot! It was a taking by storm; blood flowed in the streets. The fire of the musketry was more terrible, more murderous, than on the 30th of March, 1814. At that time it was the Cossacks, the Russians, and the Austrians who fired; to-day it is French soldiers—it is those whom we pay who desolate Paris with fire and sword. And who has ordered this massacre! The ministers of the king of France. It is they who have plunged the Capital, during three days, into all the horrors of a war. And why, great God! all these terrible things? Because they have violated the Charter, and conspired to re-establish absolute power. They have proceeded from crime to massacre. They have been the insolent violators of their oaths before they were the sanguinary executioners of their fellow citizens.

Such then is the reward of fifteen years' obedience! Such is the reward of fifteen milliards paid with the sweat and suffering of the people. The violators of our liberties and the executioners of Paris must be punished. The following are the measures which must be taken first of all :

The exemplary punishment of the Ministers who signed the ordinances. They have sported with the lives of their fellow citizens. Let them be delivered up to the justice of the Chamber of Peers.

The punishment of the principal chiefs who have acted after their orders. The illegality inherent in the Ordinances vitiates all the orders given in consequence.

A declaration of rights, which shall explain the 14th article of the Charter, and take from Royalty the unlimited power which it thought it found there.

A law which shall declare every officer guilty of a crime who shall fire upon the people, except in the cases provided for by the law.

The Chamber of Deputies will assemble on the 3d of August.

The Peers now at Paris have assembled, to consider of what was to be done in the present state of things. We hope that the two Chambers will communicate together by committees, as has often been done in England on extraordinary occasions.

For these three days we have been witnesses of the greatest civil war scourge ever seen in Europe. Courage, energy, prudence, profound consciousness of its rights and its duties—all were united. Never did Paris—never did any capital offer such a spectacle.

Early on Wednesday morning the citizens made only one army. The National Guard appeared in uniform, and was hailed with gratitude and respect. The crowd joined these citizens; it found powder and arms. After the first combat the troops of the line, who behaved with the most laudable moderation, laid down their arms, and held out their hands to their fellow citizens and brethren. The gendarmerie soon followed the example. The Royal Guard at length yielded, like the others. It is a singular spectacle to see the soldiers disarmed mingled with the armed citizens. They had exchanged their parts and their duties.

Yesterday, several Deputies, viz.: Messrs. Gen. Gerard, Count de Lobau Lafitte, Cassimir Perrier, and Mauguin, went, amidst the fire of musketry, to the Marshal, Duke of Ragusa. M. Lafitte spoke and represented to the Marshal—the deplorable state of the capital, blood flowing in all directions, the musketry firing as in a town taken by storm; he made him personally responsible, in the name of the assembled deputies of France, for the fatal consequences of so melancholy an event.

The Marshal replied 'The honor of a soldier is obedience.' 'And civil honor,' replied M. Lafitte, 'is not to massacre the citizens.' Then the Marshal said, 'but, gentlemen, what are the conditions you propose?' Without judging too highly of our influence, we think we can be answerable that every thing will return to order on the following conditions: the revocation of the illegal ordinances of the 25th of July, the dismissal of the ministers, and the convocation of the Chambers on the third of August."

The Marshal agreed that, as a citizen, he might not disapprove, nay, might even participate in the opinions of the Deputies, but that as a soldier he had his orders, and had only carried them into execution—that, however, he engaged to submit those proposals to the king in half an hour.

But, (said the Marshal,) if you wish, Gentlemen, to have a conference on the subject with M. de Polignac, he is close at hand, and I will go and ask him if he can receive you.' A quarter of an hour passed; and the Marshal returned with his countenance much changed, and told the Deputies that M. de Polignac had declared to him that the conditions proposed rendered any conference useless.

We have then civil war,' said Lafitte. The Marshal bowed, and the Deputies retired

This morning, while the Deputies were deliberating, a letter was delivered to General Gerard from the commander of one of the regiments of the garrison of Paris, stating that if the General would send a Colonel, the regiment would obey his orders. The General immediately sent one of his aides-de-camp, who took the command of the regiment. The same happened with another corps. General Gerard took the command of both, and addressed an energetic speech to them, and thanked them for preferring their country and real military honor above all things.

London, Aug. 2.

A third express has been received from Paris. As far as the intelligence has been suffered to transpire we are informed that the tyrant King had abdicated in favor of the Duke de Bordeaux; that the Duke of Orleans had been declared Regent, or, as others have it, King, that Charles X and the Royal Family had set out for Rheims; and that Prince Polignac had been compelled to surrender to Gen. Lafayette. The troops of the line at Lyons, at Lisle, at Rouen, at Havre, and generally throughout the departments, had joined the citizens. This express left Paris on Saturday night, at which time the Provisional Government was most successfully exerting itself to restore order, and the city was generally resuming its tranquil appearance, though the greatest enthusiasm prevailed. A deputa- tion from Lisle had arrived at Paris, offering five thousand men, if needed. A deputation from Lyons was also stated to be on the way to Paris. At Marseilles the inhabitants and military had universally risen against the government of Charles X. The Marseilles hymn was chaunted in the streets, and a force was organizing to resist any attempt of the tyrant. The provisional government of Paris was about to send two thousand men towards Calais, and on the arrival of the expected quotas from the provinces, other bodies would be despatched in different directions. One general feeling is said to animate the French people, and they are not more distinguished by the heroism with which they have asserted their liberties, than by the avoidance of all anarchy and plunder during the strongest excitement.

The accounts from Marseilles state, that information had arrived there of there having arisen discontents among the French troops at Algiers. It was said that 10,000 had been ordered home. The convicts at Toulon had attempted to escape but were prevented. In Marseilles great excitement prevailed, and the Marseilles hymn had been sung in open streets with cheers of down with the Bourbons—long live liberty. At Lisle, Nismes, Avignon, and other places, the national guard has taken up arms in favor of the people.

London, Aug. 3.

The accounts from Paris just received by express, are dated Saturday night. The following is an extract from a private letter:

The Provisional Government has just been
installed. it will be a moderate one, and composed of moderate men.

The Duke of Orleans, who has been appointed Lieutenant-General, will be given a crown, which he will wear with more moderation than that which has just been lost.

The Crown has gone for ever from Charles X and his descendants. Charles is at Chartres, and has about 2000 troops with him.

All Paris is now tranquil, and the people who two days ago were fighting for liberty and their country, have returned to their work.

The Banks have recommenced payments, and the discount offices are again open.

Thus has a revolution been accomplished, which will prove an example to those who would wish to trample on the rights of the people.

Other letters speak of Normandy as the rallying point of Charles the Tenth, and that a civil war will be projected. It was stated on Saturday that the Provisional Government were disposed to treat with the Court if the Ministers were dismissed. This is not true.

The gates of the Louvre were opened to the people by a young man, aged 30. He was conveyed amid cheers to the Hotel Dieu.

The dead bodies of the men, women, and children had been removed from the public streets with all possible respect.

PROTEST OF THE DEPUTIES.

The Deputies regularly elected by the Colleges of Arrondissements, who are at Paris, have published a protest against the measures which the advisers of the Crown have lately caused to be proclaimed for the overthrow of the legal system of elections, and the ruin of the liberty of the press. The document concludes thus:

"In consequence, the undersigned, inviolably faithful to their oath, protest in concert, not only against the said measures, but against all the acts which may result from them.

"And considering, on the one hand, that the Chamber of Deputies not having been constituted, could not be legally dissolved—on the other, that the attempt to form a new Chamber of Deputies in a novel and arbitrary manner, is directly opposed to the Constitutional Charter, and to the acquired rights of the electors—the undersigned declare that they will still consider themselves as legally elected the deputation by the Colleges of the Arrondissements and Departments whose suffrages they have obtained, and as incapable of being replaced, except by virtue of elections made according to the principles and forms prescribed by the laws. And if the undersigned do not effectively exercise the rights nor perform all the duties which they derive from their legal election, it is because they are hindered by absolute violence."

PROCLAMATION OF THE FRENCH DEPUTIES.

The Deputies of the Departments have addressed the following proclamation to the French people:

Frenchmen! France is free! Absolute power has raised its standard; the heroic population of Paris has overthrown it. Paris, attacked, has made the sacred cause triumph by arms, which had triumphed in vain in the elections.

A power which usurped our rights and disturbed our repose threatened at once liberty and order. We return to the possession of order and liberty. There is no more fear for acquired rights, no more barrier between us and the rights which we still want. A government which may without dismay secure to us these advantages is now the first want of our country.

Frenchmen! Those of your deputies who are already at Paris have assembled; and, till the Chambers can regularly intervene, they have invited a Frenchman who has never fought but for France, the Duke of Orleans, to exercise the functions of lieutenant-general of the kingdom. This is, in their opinion, the surest means promptly to accomplish by peace the success of the most legitimate defence. The Duke of Orleans is devoted to the national and constitutional cause. He has always defended its interests and professed its principles. He will respect our rights, for he will derive his own from us. We shall secure to ourselves by laws all the guarantees necessary to liberty strong and durable. The re-establishment of the National Guards in the choice of the officers. The intervention of the citizens in the formation of the departmental and municipal administrations; the jury for the transgressions of the press; the legally organized responsibility of the ministers, and the secondary agents of the administration; the situation of the military legally secured; the re-election of deputies appointed to public offices; we shall give at length to our institutions in concert with the head of the state, the developments of which they have need. Frenchmen! the Duke of Orleans himself has already spoken, and his language is that which is suitable to a free country. 'The Chambers,' says he, 'are going to assemble: they will consider of means to insure the reign of the laws, and the maintenance of the rights of the nation. The charter will henceforth be a truth.'

PROCLAMATION.

Fellow-citizens—You have by unanimous acclamation elected me your General. I shall prove myself worthy of the choice of the Parisian Guard National. We fight for our laws and our liberties.

Fellow-citizens—Our triumph is certain. I beseech you to obey the orders of the Chiefs that will be given to you, and that cordially. The troops of the line have already given way. The guards are ready to do the same. The traitors who have excited the civil war, and who thought to massacre the people with impunity, will soon be forced to account before the tribunals for their violation of the laws and their sanguinary plots. Signed at General Quarters. Le Gen. Du Bourg La Fayette.

PARIS, July 31.

Inhabitants of Paris! the deputies of France, at this moment assembled in Paris, have expressed to me the desire that I should repair to this capital, to exercise the functions of lieutenant-general of the kingdom. I have not hesitated to come and share your dangers, to place myself in the midst of your heroic population, and to exert all my efforts to preserve you from the calamities of civil war and of anarchy. On returning to the city of Paris I wore with pride those glorious colors which you have resumed, and which I myself long wore.

The Chambers are going to assemble; they will consider of the means of securing the reign of the laws and maintenance of the rights of the nation. The charter henceforward will be a truth.

Louis Phillipe D'Orleans.
WORCESTER: WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 8, 1830.

FRENCH REVOLUTION.

Events of the highest moment have pressed upon us during the last week with the most appalling rapidity. The dissolution of the French Chamber of Deputies and the ordering of a new election, the suppression of the liberty of the press and the resistance to the order by the French editors, the rising of the people in their favor, and finally the complete overthrow of the power, and flight of Charles the Tenth, and the establishment of a new government—all within the compass of a single week—will form one of the most remarkable eras in history.

The progress of revolutions is never retrograde. Liberty, aided by that potent engine, the press, must eventually be triumphant and the dominion of tyrants must cease in the civilized world.

Of the extraordinary events above mentioned, we have, with considerable labor and care, prepared a more connected, systematic, and clear account than we have elsewhere seen, which will be found in our columns of this day. It will be read with interest by all, and none, we trust, will regret that its length excludes nearly all other matter from our inside form.

Charles X is 74 years of age, Gen. Lafayette was 73, the day before yesterday. The Duke of Orleans is 54. The latter is son of the profligate Philip l'Egalite, Duc d'Orleans, who fell by the guillotine in the former revolution. He was an officer in the republican army at one time, but was afterwards obliged to flee the country. Since the restoration, he has uniformly espoused the liberal side in politics. He is of one branch of the Bourbon family, distantly related to the King. The Duke of Chartres, who commands a regiment of the line in the army, is his son.

Of the reigning branch of the Bourbon family, the only males living are, the King, his son the Duke d'Angouleme, and his grandson, the Duke de Bordeaux, son of the late Duke de Berri. It is now most likely that the Duke of Bordeaux will be made King, and the Duke of Orleans regent during his minority. Charles the Tenth and the Dey of Algiers are now almost simultaneously reduced to the same level, and may, if they choose, retire to the same place, and mingle mutual condolences for the fate of each other.