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The Voice Of Freedom
Montpelier, Brandon, Washington County, Rutland County, Vermont
What is this article about?
The Chinese Emperor's letter to the US President confirms the Treaty of Wanghia negotiated by Caleb Cushing, approving commerce regulations and opening ports at Canton, Amoy, Fuh Chow, Ning Po, and Shanghai for perpetual amity between the nations. Dated December 16, 1844.
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The Great Emperor presents his regards to the President, and trusts he is well.
I the Emperor having looked up and received the manifest will of Heaven, hold the reins of Government over, and soothe and tranquilize the Central Flowery Kingdom, regarding all within and beyond the border seas as one and the same family.
Early in the spring, the ambassador of your honorable nation, Caleb Cushing, having received your letter, arrived from afar at my province of Yue. He having passed over the vast oceans with unspeakable toil and fatigue, I the Emperor, not bearing to cause him further inconvenience of travelling by land and water, to dispense with his coming to Peking to be presented at court, specially appointed Ke Ying, of the Imperial House minister and commissioner extraordinary, to repair thither, and to treat him with courteous attention
Moreover, they having negotiated and settled all things proper, the said minister took the letter, and presented it for my inspection; and your sincerity and friendship being in the highest degree real, and the thoughts and sentiments being with the utmost sincerity and truth kind, at the time of opening and perusing it, my pleasure and delight were exceedingly profound.
All and everything they had settled regarding the regulation of commerce I the Emperor, further examined with utmost scrutiny, and found they were all perspicuous, entirely and perfectly judicious, and forever worthy of adherence.
To Canton, Amoy, Fuh Chow, Ning Po, and Shanghai, it is alike permitted the citizens of the United States, to proceed and according to the articles of the treaty, at their convenience to carry on commerce.
Now, bound by perpetual amity and concord, advantage will accrue to the citizens of both nations, which I trust, must certainly cause the President also to be extremely satisfied and delighted.
Toan Kwang, 24th year, 11th mo, and 7th day [16th Dec. A. D. 1844.]
Great seal of the em-(Signet of) pire in Chinese and the imperial will.
(Signed) PETER PARKER,
Late Chinese Secretary to the Legation.
What sub-type of article is it?
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Where did it happen?
Foreign News Details
Primary Location
China
Event Date
16th Dec. A. D. 1844.
Key Persons
Outcome
treaty settled with regulations for commerce; ports of canton, amoy, fuh chow, ning po, and shanghai opened to us citizens; perpetual amity established.
Event Details
The Emperor acknowledges receipt of the US President's letter via ambassador Caleb Cushing, who arrived in Yue province. Appointed Ke Ying to negotiate without requiring Cushing's journey to Peking. The treaty terms on commerce were examined and approved as judicious. US citizens permitted to trade at specified ports per treaty articles.