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Domestic News
February 1, 1814
Daily National Intelligencer
Washington, District Of Columbia
What is this article about?
U.S. House of Representatives proceedings on January 31, 1814: Various petitions presented on taxes, imports, prizes, and lands; committee reports on accounts, pensions, and military; bills introduced for land warrants, military retention, and payments; debates and votes on public lands extension bill and constitutional amendments on export taxes and electoral districts.
Merged-components note: These three components form a continuous report of the House of Representatives proceedings on January 31, 1814, spanning multiple columns on page 3.
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CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, JANUARY 31.
Mr. Ely of Mass. presented the memorial of sundry inhabitants of the state of Massachusetts, who are non-resident proprietors of lands & houses in the state of Ohio, praying that the act to lay and collect a direct tax may be so amended, that their lands and houses in the state of Ohio may be taxed by the same common rule as the lands and houses of residents of Ohio are taxed.
Mr. Wilson of Mass. presented a petition of sundry inhabitants of the district of Penobscot in the district of Maine, praying to be relieved from the forfeitures and penalties which they have incurred by importation of goods from the dominions of Great Britain.
Both the above petitions were referred to the committee of Ways & Means.
On motion of Mr. Wilson of Mass. the petitions of Daniel Johnston, D. Johnston & Otis Little, Stover Perkins, Joseph Parkins and Eben Perkins, all presented 26 February last, were referred to the committee of Ways and Means.
On motion of Mr. J. Reed of Mass. the petition of James Washburn and John Alexander were referred to the committee of Commerce and Manufactures.
Mr. Wilson of Mass. presented the petition of Samuel Smith and others, of Beverly, Mass. praying to be permitted to return, with their vessel and cargo, from Eastport to Beverly aforesaid. Referred.
Mr. W. also presented the petition of Saml. Tucker, owner or commander of the private armed boat Lizard, praying permission to send a prize vessel and cargo from Eastport to Boston in the state of Massachusetts.--Referred to the committee of Foreign Relations.
Mr. Irving of N. Y. presented a petition of the owners of private armed vessels fitted out of the port of N. York, praying a bounty on the destruction of enemies' vessels, and an increase of the bounty for persons captured.--Referred to the committee on Naval Affairs.
Mr. Hopkins of N. Y. presented the petition of Giles Wolcott, which was referred to the committee on Pensions and Revolutionary Claims.
Mr. Lowitt of N. Y. presented the petition of John R. Williams, praying permission to re-convey to the U. S. a tract of land purchased from them near Detroit.--Referred to the committee on Public Lands.
The Speaker presented the petition of Beatley Barret which was referred to the committee on Pensions and Revolutionary Claims.
Mr. Ingham made an unfavorable report on the petition of Walker Baylor; which was read and ordered to lie on the table; and another on the petition of Susanna Taylor, which was read and concurred in.
He also made like reports on the petitions of Aquila Deaver, Samuel Frazier and Edward Kain; which were concurred in.
Mr. M'Kee reported a bill for the renewal of a land warrant to George Shannon: which received the usual readings.
Mr. Troup of Geo. from the Committee on Military Affairs, reported a bill to authorize the President to retain in service certain military corps.
Mr. T. also reported a bill making provision for the payment of two regiments of rangers, authorized by law to be raised. These bills were twice read and committed.
The Speaker laid before the House the following Report from the Secretary of War:
SIR,
War Department, Jan. 28, 1814.
Conformably to a resolution of the Honorable the House of Representatives of the 31st July last, requiring the Secretary of War to lay before the House a view of the unsettled accounts in the offices of the Accountant of this Department and of the Paymaster of the Army, and to suggest measures to secure the accountability of Public Agents, and to prevent the accumulation of unsettled accounts connected with the War Department—I have to report, that a satisfactory view of the unsettled accounts in either of these offices has not been, and (agreeably to the enclosed statements of the Paymaster of the Army and of the Accountant) cannot be rendered by them within any definite period of time.
The better to secure the accountability of Public Agents, and to prevent the accumulation of unsettled accounts. I have the honor to suggest—1st. That an office be established, in which all accounts, whether in specie or in kind, connected with the Military and Indian Departments, shall be adjusted, accredited and settled, conformably to Rules and Regulations to be prescribed by the Treasury Department: and,
2d. That to render efficient the Pay Department of the Army, which is now best adapted to a small and peace establishment—and to secure the regular and punctual payment of the troops, a new organization be adopted, to consist of a Paymaster General of the Armies of the United States with such Deputy, District and Assistant Paymasters, as the exigencies of the service may require—neither of whom shall belong to the line of the Army.
With great respect &c
JOHN ARMSTRONG.
The Speaker of the House of Representatives.
The report and documents were referred to the Committee of Ways and Means.
The Speaker also laid before the House a report from the Secretary of State, in pursuance of a resolution of the House, transmitting a statement of the patents issued from his office, and the names of the patentees, from 31st Dec. 1812, to Jan. 1, 1814.
The bill from the Senate to authorize the President of the U. S. to permit Paul Cuffee to depart from a port in the U. S. to Sierra Leone in Africa, and to return thence, was twice read and committed.
The engrossed bill further to extend the time of payment to purchasers of public lands, was read a third time.
Mr. Lattimore of Miss. spoke in support of the bill, and stated the causes which had combined to prevent the purchasers of public lands from complying with their engagements—and particularly supported a clause of the bill which was inserted in it in pursuance of a memorial of the Legislature of Mississippi Territory.
Mr. Hall of Georgia moved that the bill lie on the table, to enable him to enquire into certain facts which he wished to ascertain, respecting the sales of public lands—so far as such facts affected the interest of the state of Georgia in the sales of lands in the Mississippi territory.
The motion was opposed by Mr. M'Kee of Kentucky, Mr. Jennings of Indiana, and Mr. Lattimore of Mississippi—and was negatived.
Mr. Forsyth of Georgia then moved to postpone the consideration of the bill to Friday next.
Mr. M'Kee opposed this motion—on account of the urgency of the bill; because the lands of those purchasers who were unable to comply with their engagements were daily reverting to the United States—and they merited and ought to receive relief.
Mr. Telfair of Georgia, supported the postponement, on the same grounds of the interest which the state of Georgia has in the application of the proceeds of the sales of public lands in the Mississippi territory.
Mr. Robertson of La. opposed postponement, and supported the claim of the purchasers in that territory, from various obvious considerations, to relief by an extension of their time of payment—an object which would be in a measure defeated by any postponement of this bill.
Mr. Forsyth and Mr. Telfair spoke in support of the postponement, and in reply to Mr. M'Kee and Mr. Robertson.
Mr. Farrow of S. C. spoke in support of the bill and in reply to the gentlemen of Georgia.
The whole debate took place in so low a key, that the reporter could not report it, if its importance would justify him in so doing.
The motion to postpone the bill to Friday next, was agreed to.
On motion of Mr. Archer of Md. the House resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Breckenridge of Va. in the chair, on the bill for the relief of Mary Philip Le Duc (granting him additional compensation as translator to the Board of Commissioners at St. Louis). The report of the committee of Claims on this case having been read, the committee rose and reported the bill, which was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.
MR. JACKSON'S RESOLUTION.
On motion of Mr. Jackson of Va. the House resolved itself into a committee of the whole on the State of the Union, and took up for consideration Mr. Jackson's proposition to amend the Constitution.
No disposition appearing to debate the same—
The committee immediately rose, and reported their agreement to said resolution, and the House took up the report.
The question having been stated on concurring with the committee in their agreement to the first member of said resolution (granting to Congress the power of taxing exports)—
Mr. Wright of Md. conceiving this a subject too important to be lightly or hastily decided, and, desirous that every member should deliberately weigh the vote he was to give, moved to postpone the further consideration of the subject to Monday next.
Mr. Gholson of Va. concurred in this view, and expressed his hope that the postponement would take place.
Mr. Jackson opposed the postponement. He had not, he said, expected or wished the question on the resolution to be taken without debate; nor did he believe, let the question be taken when it would, that it would be taken without two or three days debate. But he wished it not to be delayed—as no more fit opportunity for discussion would occur, and an early decision was important, if a decision took place at the present session, that, if agreed to by both Houses of Congress, the amendment might be laid before some of the state legislatures now in session before they adjourned.
Mr. Findley of Pa. incidentally observed that he was in favor of the principle under consideration. When a member of the Pennsylvania convention which accepted the constitution, he was astonished that the power to tax exports was not given, as possessed and exercised by the governments of other nations. He thought it proper then that Congress should possess the power, and he thought so still. He was willing to afford the time required for consideration, but wished the question to be discussed, even if the proposition was not agreed to, in order that the public mind might be more enlightened on it.
The motion to postpone the further
consideration of the resolution to Monday next, was decided in the affirmative, 63 to 55.
MR. PICKENS' MOTION.
On motion of Mr. Pickens of N. C. the House took up the report of the committee of the whole on his proposition to amend the constitution, so as to establish an uniform mode of election, by districts, of the electors of President and Vice President of the U. States.
Mr. P. made a few observations, additional to those made on former occasions, in support of his object.
Mr. Wright of Md. spoke briefly in favor of the resolution.
Mr. Grosvenor of N. Y. in a short but argumentative speech opposed the principle of the proposed amendment.
Mr. Yancey of N. C. in a neat and pertinent speech, supported the proposition, and replied to Mr. Grosvenor.
Mr. Rich of Vt. also made a neat speech on the same side of the question; and
Mr. Ward of Mass. made a few observations in reply.
The question on concurrence with the committee of the whole in their disagreement to the amendment, was decided as follows:
For concurrence,
YEAS.—Messrs. Alexander, Anderson, Avery, Bard, Baylies of Mass. Bigelow, Boyd, Bradbury, Bradley, Brigham, Brown, Burwell, Champion, Citley, Colton, Comstock, Cooper, Cox, Crawford, Davenport, Davis of Penn. Denoyelles, Dewey, Earle, Ely, Eppes, Evans, Farrow, Findley, Fisk of N. Y. Forsyth, Geddes, Glasgow, Goodwyn, Grosvenor, Hall, Hanson, Hasbrouck, Hopkins of N. Y. Howell, Hufty, Ingersoll, Ingham, Kerr, Kershaw, Kilbourn, Law, Lefferts, Lovett, Lyle, M'Coy, Moffitt, Mosely, Markell, Nelson, Oakley, Pickering, Piper, Pitkin, Pleasants, Post, Potter, John Reed, William Reed, Rea of Penn. Roberts, Ruggles, Sherwood, Smith of Penn. Sturges, Tallmadge, Tannehill, Taylor, Telfair, Thompson, Udree, Vose, Ward of Mass. Webster, Wheaton, Wilcox, Wilson of Mass. Winter—83.
Against concurrence,
NAYS.—Messrs. Alston, Archer, Barnett, Bayly of Va. Breckenridge, Caperton, Caldwell, Calhoun, Chappell, Clark, Condit, Conard, Creighton, Crouch, Culpeper, Davis of Mass. Desha, Forney, Franklin, Gaston, Gholson, Goldsborough, Gourdin, Grundy, Harris, Hawes, Hubbard, Humphreys, Hungerford, Irving of N. Y. Jackson of R. I. Jackson of Va. Kennedy, Kent of N. Y. Kent of Md. King of Mass. King of N. C. Lewis, Lowndes, Macon, M'Kim, M'Lean, Montgomery, Moore, Murfree, Newton, Ormsby, Parker, Pearson, Pickens, Rhea of Tenn. Rich, Robertson, Sage, Sheffey, Skinner, Stanford, Taggart, White, Williams, Wilson of Penn. Wright, Yancey—64.
So the House resolved to concur in the disagreement to Mr. Pickens' resolution.
Mr. Hall of Geo. who voted in the affirmative, rose to move a reconsideration, with a view to endeavor to obtain an amendment which would make it acceptable to him, viz: to make the election uniform by general ticket, instead of by districts;
But, before the question was put on this motion, the House adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, JANUARY 31.
Mr. Ely of Mass. presented the memorial of sundry inhabitants of the state of Massachusetts, who are non-resident proprietors of lands & houses in the state of Ohio, praying that the act to lay and collect a direct tax may be so amended, that their lands and houses in the state of Ohio may be taxed by the same common rule as the lands and houses of residents of Ohio are taxed.
Mr. Wilson of Mass. presented a petition of sundry inhabitants of the district of Penobscot in the district of Maine, praying to be relieved from the forfeitures and penalties which they have incurred by importation of goods from the dominions of Great Britain.
Both the above petitions were referred to the committee of Ways & Means.
On motion of Mr. Wilson of Mass. the petitions of Daniel Johnston, D. Johnston & Otis Little, Stover Perkins, Joseph Parkins and Eben Perkins, all presented 26 February last, were referred to the committee of Ways and Means.
On motion of Mr. J. Reed of Mass. the petition of James Washburn and John Alexander were referred to the committee of Commerce and Manufactures.
Mr. Wilson of Mass. presented the petition of Samuel Smith and others, of Beverly, Mass. praying to be permitted to return, with their vessel and cargo, from Eastport to Beverly aforesaid. Referred.
Mr. W. also presented the petition of Saml. Tucker, owner or commander of the private armed boat Lizard, praying permission to send a prize vessel and cargo from Eastport to Boston in the state of Massachusetts.--Referred to the committee of Foreign Relations.
Mr. Irving of N. Y. presented a petition of the owners of private armed vessels fitted out of the port of N. York, praying a bounty on the destruction of enemies' vessels, and an increase of the bounty for persons captured.--Referred to the committee on Naval Affairs.
Mr. Hopkins of N. Y. presented the petition of Giles Wolcott, which was referred to the committee on Pensions and Revolutionary Claims.
Mr. Lowitt of N. Y. presented the petition of John R. Williams, praying permission to re-convey to the U. S. a tract of land purchased from them near Detroit.--Referred to the committee on Public Lands.
The Speaker presented the petition of Beatley Barret which was referred to the committee on Pensions and Revolutionary Claims.
Mr. Ingham made an unfavorable report on the petition of Walker Baylor; which was read and ordered to lie on the table; and another on the petition of Susanna Taylor, which was read and concurred in.
He also made like reports on the petitions of Aquila Deaver, Samuel Frazier and Edward Kain; which were concurred in.
Mr. M'Kee reported a bill for the renewal of a land warrant to George Shannon: which received the usual readings.
Mr. Troup of Geo. from the Committee on Military Affairs, reported a bill to authorize the President to retain in service certain military corps.
Mr. T. also reported a bill making provision for the payment of two regiments of rangers, authorized by law to be raised. These bills were twice read and committed.
The Speaker laid before the House the following Report from the Secretary of War:
SIR,
War Department, Jan. 28, 1814.
Conformably to a resolution of the Honorable the House of Representatives of the 31st July last, requiring the Secretary of War to lay before the House a view of the unsettled accounts in the offices of the Accountant of this Department and of the Paymaster of the Army, and to suggest measures to secure the accountability of Public Agents, and to prevent the accumulation of unsettled accounts connected with the War Department—I have to report, that a satisfactory view of the unsettled accounts in either of these offices has not been, and (agreeably to the enclosed statements of the Paymaster of the Army and of the Accountant) cannot be rendered by them within any definite period of time.
The better to secure the accountability of Public Agents, and to prevent the accumulation of unsettled accounts. I have the honor to suggest—1st. That an office be established, in which all accounts, whether in specie or in kind, connected with the Military and Indian Departments, shall be adjusted, accredited and settled, conformably to Rules and Regulations to be prescribed by the Treasury Department: and,
2d. That to render efficient the Pay Department of the Army, which is now best adapted to a small and peace establishment—and to secure the regular and punctual payment of the troops, a new organization be adopted, to consist of a Paymaster General of the Armies of the United States with such Deputy, District and Assistant Paymasters, as the exigencies of the service may require—neither of whom shall belong to the line of the Army.
With great respect &c
JOHN ARMSTRONG.
The Speaker of the House of Representatives.
The report and documents were referred to the Committee of Ways and Means.
The Speaker also laid before the House a report from the Secretary of State, in pursuance of a resolution of the House, transmitting a statement of the patents issued from his office, and the names of the patentees, from 31st Dec. 1812, to Jan. 1, 1814.
The bill from the Senate to authorize the President of the U. S. to permit Paul Cuffee to depart from a port in the U. S. to Sierra Leone in Africa, and to return thence, was twice read and committed.
The engrossed bill further to extend the time of payment to purchasers of public lands, was read a third time.
Mr. Lattimore of Miss. spoke in support of the bill, and stated the causes which had combined to prevent the purchasers of public lands from complying with their engagements—and particularly supported a clause of the bill which was inserted in it in pursuance of a memorial of the Legislature of Mississippi Territory.
Mr. Hall of Georgia moved that the bill lie on the table, to enable him to enquire into certain facts which he wished to ascertain, respecting the sales of public lands—so far as such facts affected the interest of the state of Georgia in the sales of lands in the Mississippi territory.
The motion was opposed by Mr. M'Kee of Kentucky, Mr. Jennings of Indiana, and Mr. Lattimore of Mississippi—and was negatived.
Mr. Forsyth of Georgia then moved to postpone the consideration of the bill to Friday next.
Mr. M'Kee opposed this motion—on account of the urgency of the bill; because the lands of those purchasers who were unable to comply with their engagements were daily reverting to the United States—and they merited and ought to receive relief.
Mr. Telfair of Georgia, supported the postponement, on the same grounds of the interest which the state of Georgia has in the application of the proceeds of the sales of public lands in the Mississippi territory.
Mr. Robertson of La. opposed postponement, and supported the claim of the purchasers in that territory, from various obvious considerations, to relief by an extension of their time of payment—an object which would be in a measure defeated by any postponement of this bill.
Mr. Forsyth and Mr. Telfair spoke in support of the postponement, and in reply to Mr. M'Kee and Mr. Robertson.
Mr. Farrow of S. C. spoke in support of the bill and in reply to the gentlemen of Georgia.
The whole debate took place in so low a key, that the reporter could not report it, if its importance would justify him in so doing.
The motion to postpone the bill to Friday next, was agreed to.
On motion of Mr. Archer of Md. the House resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Breckenridge of Va. in the chair, on the bill for the relief of Mary Philip Le Duc (granting him additional compensation as translator to the Board of Commissioners at St. Louis). The report of the committee of Claims on this case having been read, the committee rose and reported the bill, which was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.
MR. JACKSON'S RESOLUTION.
On motion of Mr. Jackson of Va. the House resolved itself into a committee of the whole on the State of the Union, and took up for consideration Mr. Jackson's proposition to amend the Constitution.
No disposition appearing to debate the same—
The committee immediately rose, and reported their agreement to said resolution, and the House took up the report.
The question having been stated on concurring with the committee in their agreement to the first member of said resolution (granting to Congress the power of taxing exports)—
Mr. Wright of Md. conceiving this a subject too important to be lightly or hastily decided, and, desirous that every member should deliberately weigh the vote he was to give, moved to postpone the further consideration of the subject to Monday next.
Mr. Gholson of Va. concurred in this view, and expressed his hope that the postponement would take place.
Mr. Jackson opposed the postponement. He had not, he said, expected or wished the question on the resolution to be taken without debate; nor did he believe, let the question be taken when it would, that it would be taken without two or three days debate. But he wished it not to be delayed—as no more fit opportunity for discussion would occur, and an early decision was important, if a decision took place at the present session, that, if agreed to by both Houses of Congress, the amendment might be laid before some of the state legislatures now in session before they adjourned.
Mr. Findley of Pa. incidentally observed that he was in favor of the principle under consideration. When a member of the Pennsylvania convention which accepted the constitution, he was astonished that the power to tax exports was not given, as possessed and exercised by the governments of other nations. He thought it proper then that Congress should possess the power, and he thought so still. He was willing to afford the time required for consideration, but wished the question to be discussed, even if the proposition was not agreed to, in order that the public mind might be more enlightened on it.
The motion to postpone the further
consideration of the resolution to Monday next, was decided in the affirmative, 63 to 55.
MR. PICKENS' MOTION.
On motion of Mr. Pickens of N. C. the House took up the report of the committee of the whole on his proposition to amend the constitution, so as to establish an uniform mode of election, by districts, of the electors of President and Vice President of the U. States.
Mr. P. made a few observations, additional to those made on former occasions, in support of his object.
Mr. Wright of Md. spoke briefly in favor of the resolution.
Mr. Grosvenor of N. Y. in a short but argumentative speech opposed the principle of the proposed amendment.
Mr. Yancey of N. C. in a neat and pertinent speech, supported the proposition, and replied to Mr. Grosvenor.
Mr. Rich of Vt. also made a neat speech on the same side of the question; and
Mr. Ward of Mass. made a few observations in reply.
The question on concurrence with the committee of the whole in their disagreement to the amendment, was decided as follows:
For concurrence,
YEAS.—Messrs. Alexander, Anderson, Avery, Bard, Baylies of Mass. Bigelow, Boyd, Bradbury, Bradley, Brigham, Brown, Burwell, Champion, Citley, Colton, Comstock, Cooper, Cox, Crawford, Davenport, Davis of Penn. Denoyelles, Dewey, Earle, Ely, Eppes, Evans, Farrow, Findley, Fisk of N. Y. Forsyth, Geddes, Glasgow, Goodwyn, Grosvenor, Hall, Hanson, Hasbrouck, Hopkins of N. Y. Howell, Hufty, Ingersoll, Ingham, Kerr, Kershaw, Kilbourn, Law, Lefferts, Lovett, Lyle, M'Coy, Moffitt, Mosely, Markell, Nelson, Oakley, Pickering, Piper, Pitkin, Pleasants, Post, Potter, John Reed, William Reed, Rea of Penn. Roberts, Ruggles, Sherwood, Smith of Penn. Sturges, Tallmadge, Tannehill, Taylor, Telfair, Thompson, Udree, Vose, Ward of Mass. Webster, Wheaton, Wilcox, Wilson of Mass. Winter—83.
Against concurrence,
NAYS.—Messrs. Alston, Archer, Barnett, Bayly of Va. Breckenridge, Caperton, Caldwell, Calhoun, Chappell, Clark, Condit, Conard, Creighton, Crouch, Culpeper, Davis of Mass. Desha, Forney, Franklin, Gaston, Gholson, Goldsborough, Gourdin, Grundy, Harris, Hawes, Hubbard, Humphreys, Hungerford, Irving of N. Y. Jackson of R. I. Jackson of Va. Kennedy, Kent of N. Y. Kent of Md. King of Mass. King of N. C. Lewis, Lowndes, Macon, M'Kim, M'Lean, Montgomery, Moore, Murfree, Newton, Ormsby, Parker, Pearson, Pickens, Rhea of Tenn. Rich, Robertson, Sage, Sheffey, Skinner, Stanford, Taggart, White, Williams, Wilson of Penn. Wright, Yancey—64.
So the House resolved to concur in the disagreement to Mr. Pickens' resolution.
Mr. Hall of Geo. who voted in the affirmative, rose to move a reconsideration, with a view to endeavor to obtain an amendment which would make it acceptable to him, viz: to make the election uniform by general ticket, instead of by districts;
But, before the question was put on this motion, the House adjourned.
What sub-type of article is it?
Politics
Economic
Military
What keywords are associated?
House Proceedings
Petitions
Bills
Constitutional Amendments
Public Lands
Military Affairs
War Department Report
What entities or persons were involved?
Mr. Ely Of Mass.
Mr. Wilson Of Mass.
Mr. Irving Of N. Y.
Mr. Ingham
Mr. Troup Of Geo.
John Armstrong
Mr. Lattimore Of Miss.
Mr. Hall Of Georgia
Mr. Forsyth Of Georgia
Mr. Jackson Of Va.
Mr. Pickens Of N. C.
Domestic News Details
Event Date
January 31, 1814
Key Persons
Mr. Ely Of Mass.
Mr. Wilson Of Mass.
Mr. Irving Of N. Y.
Mr. Ingham
Mr. Troup Of Geo.
John Armstrong
Mr. Lattimore Of Miss.
Mr. Hall Of Georgia
Mr. Forsyth Of Georgia
Mr. Jackson Of Va.
Mr. Pickens Of N. C.
Outcome
petitions referred to committees; unfavorable reports concurred in; bills read and committed; war department report referred; public lands bill postponed to friday; jackson's resolution postponed 63-55; pickens' amendment disagreed to 83-64; house adjourned.
Event Details
The House considered multiple petitions on taxation, imports, prizes, lands, and bounties, referring them to relevant committees. Reports were made on pensions and military matters. Bills were introduced for land warrants, military retention, and ranger payments. A War Department report on accounts was presented and referred. Debates occurred on extending public land payment deadlines, resulting in postponement, and on constitutional amendments for export taxes and electoral districts, with votes to postpone or disagree.