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Washington, District Of Columbia
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U.S. troops under Col. Clinch destroyed a fort on Appalachicola Bay in East Florida on July 27, 1816, held by runaway negroes and Choctaws. An explosion from gunboat fire killed over 100; survivors captured. Chief M'Intosh's Indians had attacked earlier. Six U.S. sailors killed in skirmish.
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It will be seen by the following letter from Col. Clinch to the Executive of this state, that the fort on Appalachicola Bay, in East Florida, where the ruffian Nicholls commanded a motley force of British, Indians and Negroes during the late war, and which has since been occupied by runaway negroes and hostile Indians, was completely destroyed by our troops on the 27th ultimo. Mr. Hughes, the bearer of Col. Clinch's letter to Gov. Mitchell, and who accompanied the detachment of our troops on that expedition, states, that the celebrated chief M'Intosh, with a considerable number of Indians, had reached the fort, and commenced an attack upon it, (which had continued several days) before the arrival of Col. Clinch's detachment. The fire was returned by those in the fort, but no injury sustained on either side. While Col. Clinch was erecting a battery to play on the fort, three of the gun-boats from New Orleans arrived below it. In ascending the bay, 7 men who had landed from one of these boats, were attacked by the negroes, and six of them killed. the seventh made his escape by swimming. The gun boats having been brought up (by order of Col. Clinch) opposite the fort, commenced firing on it with heavy ordnance. After the proper elevation of the gun had been ascertained by three or four discharges, a hot shot was fired, which, penetrating one of the three magazines, containing 100 barrels of powder, created a dreadful explosion, which our informant supposes must have killed more than an hundred—the others were taken prisoners, without making further resistance.
Copy of a letter from Lieutenant Colonel Duncan L. Clinch, to his Excellency Governor Mitchell, dated
"Camp Crawford, 4th Aug. 1816.
"Sir—I have the honor to inform you, that on the 28th ultimo, the fort on the Appalachicola, in East Florida, defended by one hundred Negroes and Choctaws, and containing about two hundred women and children, was completely destroyed. I have the honor to inclose you the names of the negroes taken, and at present in confinement at this post, who say they belong to citizens of the state of Georgia. I have given the chiefs directions, to have every negro that comes into the nation taken and delivered up to the commanding officer at this post, or at Fort Gaines."
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Domestic News Details
Primary Location
Appalachicola Bay, East Florida
Event Date
27th Ultimo
Key Persons
Outcome
fort completely destroyed; explosion killed more than 100; others taken prisoners; 6 of 7 u.s. men killed by negroes; negroes belonging to georgia citizens confined; directions to chiefs to deliver runaway negroes.
Event Details
Fort occupied by runaway negroes and hostile Indians destroyed by U.S. troops under Col. Clinch. Chief M'Intosh's Indians attacked fort for several days before U.S. arrival. Gunboats from New Orleans fired on fort, hot shot caused explosion in powder magazine. Defended by 100 negroes and Choctaws, containing 200 women and children.