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Lexington, Fayette County, Kentucky
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Extract of letter from Col. Benjamin Hawkins at Fort Toulouse details military movements, fort construction, Indian retreat after battle at Newvaucau, and U.S. peace terms to hostile Creeks, including territorial retention and restrictions.
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Extract of a letter from Col. Benjamin Hawkins, U. S. Agent for Indian affairs, to his Excellency Gov. Hawkins, dated Fort Toulouse, at the confluence of Talapoosa and Coosa, April 26, 1814.
"I believe you know this is the name of an old French fort at Tustcagee. We commence to-day to build a permanent fort on the ruins of the old one. Lieut Col. Atkinson's division formed a part of the centre army which united with the army of Tennessee at Tooscehatche—they, united, arrived here on the 17th.— Col. Pearson, with his division, arrived yesterday. My countrymen look well & appear in good health: being much occupied yesterday and to-day, I have not been able to get acquainted with them. The Tennessee army are on their way home: General Graham is, in consequence, second in command. He enjoys, apparently, fine health.
"The hostile Indians are retreating from us in various directions, mostly towards Ko-ne-can, a few miles above our line of limits. The terrible chastisement inflicted by the army of militia, regulars, Creeks and Cherokees, under General Jackson, at Newvaucau, on the hostile Indians, has alarmed the whole party. Believing blood enough had been spilt to atone for past transgressions, General Pinckney, on the 23d, communicated through me to the enemy the terms upon which peace will be granted them.
"The U. States will retain as much of the conquered territory as may appear to the government to be a just indemnity for the expenses of the war, and as a retribution for the injuries sustained by its citizens and the friendly Creek Indians.
"The United States will retain the rights to establish military posts and trading houses, and to make and use such roads as they may think necessary, and freely to navigate all the rivers and water courses in the Creek territory.
"The enemy must, on their part, surrender their prophets and such other instigators of the war as may be designated by the government of the United States, and they must agree to such restrictions as shall be established by the government of the United States.
"I have and shall by various channels communicate these terms to those concerned. To the army of the friendly Indians with us I did it here. Some few have come in here, and many of those above us to a place assigned them by Gen. Jackson."
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Domestic News Details
Primary Location
Fort Toulouse, At The Confluence Of Talapoosa And Coosa
Event Date
April 26, 1814
Key Persons
Outcome
hostile indians retreating; peace terms offered including territorial retention, military posts, roads, navigation rights, surrender of prophets and instigators; some indians coming in.
Event Details
Construction of permanent fort on ruins of old French fort at Tustcagee begins; military divisions arrive; Tennessee army heading home; General Graham second in command; hostile Indians retreat after chastisement at Newvaucau by General Jackson's forces; General Pinckney offers peace terms via Hawkins on April 23.