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Portsmouth, Exeter, Rockingham County, New Hampshire
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Lieut. Col. Conway arrived at Whitehall on Nov. 3, 1781, with dispatches from Sir Henry Clinton in New York dated Sept. 7 and 26, 1781, reporting General Washington's movements from White Plains to the Delaware, naval actions in the Chesapeake involving Count de Grasse and Rear Admiral Graves, and plans to reinforce Lord Cornwallis in Virginia.
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Extract of a letter from Sir Henry Clinton to Lord George Germaine, dated New York Sept. 7, 1781:
In my dispatch of the 20th of August, I had the honor to inform your Lordship, that General Washington had suddenly quitted his camp at White Plains ; I have now that of communicating to you his subsequent movements.
He passed the Croton on the 19th ult. taking a station within a few miles of it. On the 23d and 24th he crossed the North-River, and, by the position he took, seemed to threaten Staten Island until the 25th, when he suddenly moved towards the Delaware. At first I judged this to be a feint but finding that he passed that river with some of his avant guard, and publicly talked of the Count de Grasse's being every moment expected in the Chesapeake to co-operate with him, I immediately endeavoured, both by land and water, to communicate my suspicions to Lord Cornwallis : at the same time assuring his Lordship, that I would either reinforce him by every possible means in my power, or make the best diversion I could in his favour.
As Rear Admiral Graves sailed from hence with his own and Sir Samuel Hood's squadron the 21st ult. in consequence of the intelligence received respecting the Rhode Island fleet, as mentioned to you in my last dispatch; and as Lord Cornwallis, in his letters of the 21st ult. and 2d inst. which I received on the 4th and yesterday, informs me, that Count de Grasse was in the Chesapeake with a considerable armament, I am in hourly expectation of hearing that Rear Admiral Graves has either intercepted Barras, or attacked the fleet in the Bay, or perhaps, both. In the mean time I have embarked 4000 troops, with which I shall instantly proceed myself to relieve Lord Cornwallis, as soon as I know the passage to him is open.
Extract of a letter from Sir H. Clinton, to Lord George Germaine, dated New-York. September 26, 1781.
THE day after I had closed my dispatch of the 12th of September, I received a letter from the Admiral, dated the 5th instant: to inform me, that the enemy being absolute masters of the navigation of the Chesapeake, there was little probability of any thing getting into York river but by night, and an infinite risk to any supplies sent by water ; at the same time acquainting me that he had on the 5th, a partial action with the French fleet of 24 sail of the line and that the two fleets had been in sight of each other ever since ; which making it inexpedient to send off the reinforcement immediately, under such dangerous circumstances. I thought it right to call a Council of the general officers on the subject. who unanimously concurred with me in opinion. that it was most advisable to wait until more favourable accounts from Rear Admiral Graves, or the arrival of Admiral Digby. rendered the sailing of the reinforcement less hazardous ; but our fleet having arrived at the Hook on the 10th, a Council of war. composed of the flag and general officers, was assembled as soon as possible, the minutes of which will inform your Lordship that the exertions of both fleet and army shall be made to form a junction with the squadron and army in Virginia. Rear Admiral Digby arrived off the Hook the 24th instant.
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Domestic News Details
Primary Location
New York
Event Date
Sept. 7, 1781 And September 26, 1781
Key Persons
Outcome
plans to embark 4000 troops to relieve lord cornwallis; council of war decides to wait for favorable naval conditions before sending reinforcement; efforts to form junction with squadron and army in virginia.
Event Details
Lieut. Col. Conway arrived with dispatches detailing General Washington's movements from White Plains, crossing Croton and North-River, threatening Staten Island, then moving to Delaware; expectations of Count de Grasse in Chesapeake; Rear Admiral Graves sailed to intercept; later updates on naval action, enemy control of Chesapeake, partial action with French fleet, and decision to delay reinforcement pending better naval situation.