Alexandria Daily Gazette, Commercial & Political

LIVERPOOL, April 13.

From our Correspondent in Town.
Royal Exchange London, Saturday Night, April 11, 1812.

RUSSIAN DECLARATION OF WAR.

This afternoon a gentleman has reached this city from Libau, which place he left as late as 26th of last month. He states positively, that at that period a Declaration of War by the Emperor of Russia against France had arrived at that place, and that it was expected that hostilities would be immediately commenced, as Bonaparte had marched 145 thousand Frenchmen to the frontiers.

By two additional Anholt Mails, we have advices this evening of a very important character from various situations of the Baltic and its neighborhood; and two of the communications confirm the interesting fact above stated.

In a letter from Konigsburgh, and another from Carlsham in our possession, it is asserted, that Napoleon had actually arrived at Dresden. We should observe, that the Moniteur of the 3d inst. mentions his presiding at a Council at St. Cloud on the preceding day; but this insertion may be merely an expedient to conceal his departure to the North.

The following are extracts from our letters, which will be found to contain valuable information.

KONIGSBURGH, March 12.

"According to a treaty entered into between Prussia and France, the latter is to deliver up the fortresses she possesses on the Oder, and on the other hand, is to take possession of Colberg, Pillau, Memel, and Rugenwalde.

"Marshals Bessieres and D'Avoust are to have the command of the army. Silesia is to remain in a state of neutrality.

"The Prussian Court has retired to Breslau in order not to witness the march of French troops through Konigsburgh.

"Napoleon's arrival is announced at Dresden.

"In the Berlin paper of the 5th of this month, is the following official paragraph:--

According to a Convention entered into with France, the contributions due from Prussia which were in arrears and were to be paid in the current coin of the realm, have been remitted. On the other hand, it is agreed that Prussia is to furnish 25,000 men to act against Russia, and is besides to undertake to provide for the maintenance of the French troops during their march through the country."

Berlin Gazette.

"CARLSHAM, March 20.

The spirit of commercial enterprize is entirely sunken, in consequence of the arrival of official intelligence of the Declaration of War by Russia against France. The Russians, we are assured, have 200,000 men on their frontiers; and Field-Marshal the Baron de Tolly has already reached the Head-Quarters of the army.

"In Memel they were under great apprehension of the intrusion of the Russians, who were in movement at the distance only of 3 German miles. Equal fears were felt at Insterburgh on account of the approach of the Russians upon Georgenburgh. The inhabitants of the former sent to the Commander General Yorck, at Konigsburg for Prussian troops to protect them. He accordingly detached three squadrons of Cuirassiers to their assistance. This officer, however, in his feelings is against the French, and he has yet received no instructions from the Prussian Government.

"The inhabitants of the country are flying in all directions towards Konigsburg in order to protect themselves against the ravages resulting from such a disastrous state of things.

"The quantity of grain in Prussia in consequence of the late fire at Konigsburg, when 20,000 lasts were consumed, is so insignificant that there will inevitably be a famine the moment the armies arrive there. There is no stock either of wine or brandy in the country, although French licences to procure them may be easily obtained.

"The fortress of Pillau is very deficiently supplied, while Colberg is furnished with every necessary for six months, and I believe that this fortress will not be given up to the French, although the King himself should command it, the citizens and the Government having come to such a determination.

"The Prussian army consists, besides 70,000 regular troops, of 150,000 men disciplined but not embodied. Regiments of 7,000 men are stationed in Prussia and Pomerania. The roads from Botzanburg towards Warsaw are covered with military, on their march to different places, and indeed all the public ways are crowded in proportion. Strong magazines are to be established in every part of the country for the purpose of supplying the armies. It is said at Konigsberg that the right wing of the French army consists of 160,000, under the orders of Massena.

"We learn that Napoleon has arrived at Dresden."

In addition to these numerous and important facts which we derive from a source of peculiar authority, we have only to observe, that we have this day received a file of nearly forty Hamburgh Gazettes up to the 25th of March, all of which are totally silent as to any of these interesting operations. The cause of this designed secrecy it is not at all difficult to comprehend. We shall not extend our letter by inserting any extracts so comparatively frivolous.

We understand that a Messenger to Government arrived by the last Anholt packet, and has reached London this afternoon with important dispatches.