Lynchburg Virginian

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.

EXTRACT FROM THE

Report of the Principal Engineer

U. S. VIRGINIA

JAMES RIVER IMPROVEMENT

Of the expense of this improvement immediately this

We most taut any hat, there cannot be

At doubt in the mind of any person, who has

Laded to the state ally merchants of the trade or the ls

Each has almost idol I ste Is band i io

Wiont to mah the la mean uto of th ms

Sakwoire eof ry ito the ts ry of th

With or ai rinet o the si fey elan frt tit

Se the coe api ttou o the work the tra Ie wat br

Athr eon fr tihes gre der.

In any case were to several quotes of Mr Jam

Ised paat Ithpouua, aai djth Ih

Al Iow, pgt sis! Showed tha tne ta

Of b, bi5

5)9wms

1'nu,

7.(1,0,) 1ux(u14.

That roon styeopot

To Lynn rg, nght b, inllng tr water an.

Gme rei, 5,177.

(,'"w.

Loks Ann DaMs.

RAllKn.

6126,77040

Al.wig for toils os thre-peetively, fr ti.

Whw distmine

2 12

6 67

Ta:; year, ns waseprid, tr trule otthe ris.

Lrs tinm i to urae ulr tie u-

Li: m oithepres nt wanigation:

T.l!swivlungsthe frst orismb.r, wer

55:4716

53,931

Iltrtwhy ar

53,711

Aingih.wstit thrto

Al:!

(5 (5.)

Wa: isan inrease mearly pr e.nt.

Anwltmolabi:

37,50)) tONs.

T.nl,

Tairsofynathin.,wo!

:knhsinsalwuysoi hl oy f.

4i(Lvaibrng.)

Rail Ra!

$57.5:1

31 t:5

$,.50)

To f ma of an, ()

1.3;))

1.950

Ca Is aad Dhss

Mil Rnd.

3 .05.t

35,35

(ni, 1ih)

Wi.rhadhj-l tathe nelt revenue esti:natrd for

L-t year, woukt make thr m this year:

51.-77

103020 40

78,42

Ihs is the capability of ths present comuerce ot

Pin R vet. Itwen Richnond and Lyn hburg

Tass re vihes, it n s:be recoleeted, are the sur

Qust be I posit d maso he Ireasury free from all

Deauuichersoftmproveneat ofthe sctio

OtoLnchbis-They woaidevrianilyeh b

Safleont not oniy tocover te estmmated anmal d

6 .mey of s13.755. (roort to J Garanl. E1

Pig 23i)bateventoleave an exeess whatever

Thy syst in adog I might b a re sult wlish had

Yetlencattandlastyear

This ur:s srongly the n cessity of begumming

Withou' b of te ah inorovem nt. c rtun to b

Ohitiv even with th pees a' tade, and which

The rapid uneroaes wigi init indubitably follow

I'h rnprovem at it If vili ren ler on of the best

Inv esad nts m the U Siit s.

Bur, what shall this improyen t be?

Ths jestion will naturally follow the con-

Witiio oarte Iby th frenoing eteulatots

Foraloar tnea st ofnivigation was the

Only km l oin oweniant thonghtof, al th. con-

Petition was botve a alock and dam navigation

Adda cuaal Fortwo veaespast, however, ral-

Noadshoa'jurel miv aiitiond advutag s,

Ad now I odis ante the pable faor with the prece

Ng B tweonths thie mol wemas' now

Ankechoice; ths lesajoa is mmgodtant, at mnvolves

T b stint rest of Virna, and I feel the w ight

Of there poisibilit, I huve toencounter, in giving

Anopinion at thisdesise monen

In my r pot, o1 1533 23, '30, 1 hnaveenleavored

Prss nta fair conparative view of the advan-

Tags ul disdlvantages ofeach purticular sehen

Apple dle tote Janes River s that the legisht

Tdehpss ssdof every considerationo

Ofa xpt meg, mon when torst rt deeiston

Aftera g nerdr fopeae to thes, it ha becom

Be cessay that I ahoild prefuee my own opi-

Inoiwathsone nataral remirks o the thresys

Tans of rgrose.nent unlarcoasid ratn, as applt

Cable to the pres ut cireu ustances and lo-alities.

LOCK AND DAM IMPROVEMENT

The cheapness a rdethicacy of steam pow whieh

Have cused its into lnetion mnto almost all ta me

Hanenl arts, toget i r with its seessid aypiea-

Toa to navigatio i indes l m in Is2s, to enquire

Into the ia rit s of s ani a t igatiot upon th Jaas

Raver,impny a n, lock, and dum. Tinre ip

Ared miiny aivntasin t. ay tem; sone rsl-

Ingintloaetanv of dhe powe, haeld: ochere i

Circumstanees inde pendent of it, such as th ac

Commodetion of both sides, and the e onomy of con

Stratetion

Fone disadyantages were also observed, th

Prueipal of which, a habhity of mterrupton

From foods to whuch good canals are not cxpose

Steanboa's are mude uow of mtch smeate

Soed thad a f w years ago, and ths auds. at the

Pees ht day smnethg tothe favorable considera

Tieits on ths molof uaprovement toraeriy stated

As to the cost, up to Lyuchburg. the cstumate

I made in Iss, wis Sttii 1a for the whole dis

Tace Ths supased hyd auke harr. an mds

Phtable matecal, to be drawa Cent thy Bhn

Rud

In the doubt, whether aly antagco'rs costracts for

It could be naule, aad to allow for the cnlwg

W nt ofshot cial win h I thuuk would bn advi

Sthle. it ray bes if r to state it at a bout ssoo,oo0

Judge Wright, the asociate engmne r, siys,

Thu he has carr folly examned my r pott aisd cs

Timate (hot the river or country.) andthat he can

Not nake such an mprovemcnt for double the mo

Ney esiimatd

Asthe ouly le a at upon which this iprodea

Ted, app ar tohe tht goutle mat s ownexp i h

I wi do appeal to ypecleace to crabi the pud

Itofrna atsown estut

W hayealsoh dams balt n Vaonoat end

Waths yery Jam s RisT Iwilleh. the mist

Yensiveas ay bis Boslor's la, gso fert

Toi 1114fet nh, hacost17 992, exhuss

S fishboe anot th lk in

Th ehesale3ooo allowedforr

Madafsn, whah Imehtto debet,fr Ica

Cesure th sentienan that nosne cot mey w.l

Smn dbne, but I ns an tabe libaral, ani Ieave

Mtieal masmthe cmos sua

N w Uho Wor tnated fa. lon Manken's Ad

VttreIonohourgcosistaof acnalatS y

Island Ealls estmatdby naeat SleiSo wheh

Is3i7lperule aau mhyealto the cos

Wthe Cho and Chesajcakecanal, a whh as bs

Rwne stumate for emndan I sipbose sa

Tothus mustb alhdseootor bles

M dans In all s1e137o, c.ea

Anlloks

Th tormer. 57. n number. aye 1 52.6

Langth: theraggagate hift is 3es tt Ih

Mydat

TheoutofBosha'sdam dyadedby I:1y

Veay nalyl 6oo per foot hnof the dam Sa

Longs md ion theayerage 7a frt abovenni

1 Is. whch nuultlid by the whole It. ?.

Iet, nakes the w hole cost of th 27 dats, at ths

Ru,

63051

I'o v ia h mad co canal at Seven Ilands.

1213,0

And ton Bea featln kae at the high sate

Of$1o0pafootht

328.000

Anlths sum,

3837,770

Wi l the wholece t of ths inprovement, accor-

Ihe tothe data fiimsh d by our own exeri nce

It ienly 2prent, above my estimitaai Ises

Adfail, still 13o,51o shoit of Jud Wright's

1'oim

Ad sull it nustbe recoll cd that 'he staudard

Asmadfn dams hure is known to have ben ex

Ponsive. Th dudicultes cncoumtered were grent

And the plan, a demonstrated mn my report

(Is2s. pag 23o,) more than that I propose

And is to the locks. S1.ooo a foot htt is known

Obe lighevanmcaaals. dndI hat shywnithe

Sune report, (3is, ) th it a lock m a daun nust cost

Iessthan m a caal

In then, thy most exaggerat d la'a, fanished by

Mn osnexprieice catot swell the estllate mhe

Than one fouh we mst ga oott of the state to

The scene ol the associete tngmecrs own exoe-

Reae

T sod uas huye becn built upon the Potonc. af

Ter his oon pien

One of th m. 16is7 fot long. 7 1 2 feet high, cost

S23 o00, w hh s oit pur foot hit of that longth

And 1.300 fo 7010

Ihe cos'oftho'hrdun,2)9 feet long.5 feet

Hgh, 19s212o0 whh 1s =1210 per 1oot hn

Toc thathpta. ads1 171 tor70teetleneth

Th averar betwe n then b ihg. therefore

-1 211 per foot lft.

Awd oft w wrthwheh mul

Tiplelby tie whok hi, 32s. s

$107,01-

In whh adl as above, fer seven Isl

A.l:à

121370

For los kage,

39000

And

$-50118

Wall be te h ghest estimate wecan obtain from

That sparee o, vaiormu ot, dadyet hs dams. are

Also upon a more expisve plan than mine, the

Width of one of th mn being as much as 21 fect and

Both covered by an arch of good building stone

There is nuch expcar nee ofth dams I have de

Seribed on tie Rivaus. and els where m the

State

The above caleslat ons are incontioy rtble and

Whil yive the pbire piatty correctestumate of the

Costot th syss m udiconsih rato, at th san

Tim thitth y wilshew how hgithatentlomans

Esthlate is

Is ne xtobjratonis agahstthe nloting power

It is th fist tae I have hresrd stean power of jost

Ed to where soreehiy appieuukt-and wny B

Cause it requires to mu h mechamal skill' Is

This a g neral pan iple, or nserely appleable to Vn-

Gina?

RAIL ROAD

I have alreuly mentoned. and every body

Ktooas tht ths system ofint scouamueation. ha

Advancei rapidly towards pafeetien withn a very

F w years past "Havng nequred now. what it

Wunted b fore the capabulity of transporting larg

Bur lens, wth great vcloeities, on a levd, it sus

Ta ns in many cireumstances a suecessful compe

Titron with canals, some of whuch mdeed, are con

Vert agiato Rut Roads in Fngland It is there

Foe proper toeonssder, whetier the basn of James

Rivi wotld fayor itsappieat.on

At the wiy threshold we meet with an obce

Ton, nentonet in my I tter to Mr Gaaland last

Year, (page 231 ) and which Judge Wrght also

States in the foliow ng trms: " Ifa Rail Rond

Should L adopted. it ough: to start from Richmond

Instead of Maiden's Adven are ths would destroy

The use of the present canul

How fat this oujection should mfluence the de-

Termmnat on of a grant Srate. is a fur subject of en

Qury, vhen somamnifieent a seachre is in ngita

To) as a g ntrai conn xion betwcen the eastaad

West If it should appear toat a general Ral Road

Wouid procure very sap rlor advantages, wold it

Be sound to persevere mn that whch has ceteed to

He best, and reject that whien new inventions have

Rendered most desnable, because what has been

Done belore. might lose part of its uscfuinees

Ths might be the course of an individual with

Limtedd means. but never can be that of a Stata

I, no yeyer. the cost of a raul rond from Maiden's

Adv cntne t. Richmond. constitutes an cbjection.

The subistitate of Judge Wright, viz :the enlarge-

Mont of the canal, canceis his own objection , for

I shll easily prove, that it would ut least cost as

Riuchas therail rond eod be den thy sating in

Cost between a good canal and a rail road th

Whole way, us I view It, would pay for the exten

Sicn

A rail rond along James river would cost about

As much as an ordnary canal, and less than that

Reeommend d by Judge Wright, though he says,

I do not beleve a ral road wuth two tracks

Permanently cmstructed, aud proper turn-outs and

Fixtures, car be constructed for so mall a cost per

Bnhe as a good cmal."

T'hs is not a maticr of bchef. but ot actual fart

Andexperience

It is wellrrtael mow. that ths 51 1 2 mailes

Of thy Baltumoge ral r pl. from Elhcotts mll up

To th ysant of he k, chubraeng as mnny ditficul

Toas we should have to cacount, witl cost s20

Iitiper mle, which is tha estinate giycn us for a

Wsleanad and thtt not casals hase cost more

Than tis ad the Ohto and Chesapeake canal so

Far. about do tble

Hen agate the seatl man obuects on accoumt of

The great nuochanieal skill reguued, and we shall

Find ail along that stan power will not do in any

She e in Vurgna, but that we must now and for

Evere mflue ourselves to negro power, dind let tha

Other states retam anal enjoy the sepctiorty, whch

Ateads every wh ne the applei imof nedhameal

Skill Yet we ae alloaad Iy hum a rad roadover

2oo mles long fron Lyudhburg to Tennessee. or

The Ohno

It is aided that iflocomotiyeen ines are not used

Apiylor oaly hors power it wali be foumd that

Me grea' si eiis ga ned. aid it is certan that the

Xjenseseftranportatton jernte will be mqch

Ga dr than ona caal Inperty csnot be as

Cafe fromstonins alpd depradations as in a good ea

Nal boa unkr lok and ket

Ih ad hosepo sd he vry md h

Matdly Uere ae situuin) cntaunly, where d

Hnen l, t mn d, as mudh as on

A tay ths soad bette 1 he had to over

Ondal

But w sre here upon the

Junes

Projs tor comsoler. thit from

Ly

A a dsent of 3fet to the

Wiee fosls. and that the return

Th, mo! any how reeive dny

A cI from zo ieonsiderable a deils

I pomyeed it is wrll proyed. that with the

Wu ca indr ondmay cicune tanees, and

Thmall y Inels only 3o mehes in duameter, one

Pound wil deaw 40 on a leyd If we rate the

Or d''nhet I poumds ta tiom. he will

Tone Te som a lei, olout as mtdh as ot

Acanl

Wig ateent toassist the heay

D, v i do a h more her

Wathomary ea, hving ate berings and

Mld boes repoatd cxientents hate poved

One yound epabl o shrewing 25s pouds with th

Mhe smol wherls a contemplated mmproyenant

Wailextend ths to 3o) pagnds ona Ievel On d

Bessent ol 3 ie to the laile. it will thn be about

3bo pmal and a hores ofthe alove strength at a

Walk will dra a aouto tons gross

In Lngland uad r t soadle circunstnces, the

Wiua s ear with wh Iofsfeet diametar, reduced

Fratioh to even one m a's

T'he cars without io b ating and challed boxes

With wheIsnlauged to 3teet dhany ter. mght prob

Ably giv to one pound the traction of 5oo, down

The valley of James river, and to a horse conse

Quntly 23 tons gross

Now, the cost of transport atron consists of tho

Distiet iteins. transpoctatron prope and toils

Thertoe i a horse can draw as much and the

Work is no! more costly. why should the ex

P-nse of transportation be mnuch greater thun on a

Canal 2

But if ns nay be expected. improvemen's in

Carsare caned farther. and a horse can draw

More than on a ranal why should transportation on

A raul road not cost It s '

And if, notwithstanding our defee icy here m

Mechancalskll we may have the good fortune to

Secure the valuable services of those who possess

It, can wedoubt the sup rlority as regaris t.aus

Portation, of those locomotive laachnes. possessing

Roth strengthond speed. favouring altke tra sn

Aavelling, and the pover of which is obtained at a

Mall cost from a mineral abundant and cheap on

'he James river

As re gaudls the safety of property. I do not sup

Pose it woald roquile a gn it exerese of mecham

Ea skall to shelter from storms. and proteet that

Which is of a character to be pilf red by lock an

Key ifthere was mueh dahger of this i a trair

Noving with great veloeit: . ptobably m one day

Or less, ungler the directon of a rosponsible agent

Or eheguuter, from a safe depot to its destination

T'he adyantages of this mode of improvcment.

Would there fore be clerty. power and cconomy of

Transportation, the fachty of conveymg travellers

And th mail, multnlying mtereourse, and I might

Add also tinne Tht saviag of tume favours industry

And b nelits commerte Neither frosts, nor droughts

Wiinds, rains, or daikness need mterrupt its use

Its disativantages, the occastotal dhivislon of the low

Rousds, cost of fencing, its not accomnnodating

Readly both spdes of Janes river, and lastly its cost

All of whch disadyantag s belong mone on less to a

CanalIts necessary extenspon to Richiord, Is an

Objeetion peculiar to it

CONTINUOUSCANAL

Tlis is the original plan of mmproyemnt con

Tmplated for the James River, K is still that fayor

Ed by the associateengmneer, his rea ons of prefer

Ence are, its sinplicity. its adaptation to the capaci

Ty of every nan in the community and that

Every nan is hs own carrier, i1 he chooses to be

So.

T'his Last s certaunly not a consderation, whhI

Can thuk calculated to have much mfluen in so

Aiportant a ntatter, for how nany indivluuals

Choose to be thelr ovn carrtrs I veiy few I dare

Say and they will be still fewer, i transpoutaton

Is considerably redluced in price by a supetor im

Prove ment; nor would farmers desire it. ifthey had

A pleasant conveyance whu h could take them wit!

The ir produce to Richmomd (if they chose to sell it

Or aecompany it themselves) and brmg then back

The ne xt it not the same day, for a price much uu

Der any other mole of tav Ihng

If a canal. however, sloatitie deeided upon. I do

Not readly perceive what great aivantage there

Would be in one of dumenstors larger tho the pre

Sent onc, 40 fect wide and 3 fet deap

Judge Wright assigns as a reason for th, canal

He recommends. 50 fect wide and 5 fet deep that

A boat loaded and movig at the rate of 3 luls

An hour, the power to move her wil be ne arly 20

Per cent. less i the large than the smaller canal.

(one of the size of the New York canal. Io feet

Wide and 3 1-2 fect deep.")

This rale is too indefimite to be appled , l does

Not designatc the size of the boats for whuch h

Gives the rule, (for he certainly cannot mean the

Boats mentioned afterwards, 75 feet long. 14 feet

Wade and 4 fect water, since such boats would clrag

On the bottomof the New York canal.) This gain

Of20 per cent in the power which he obtains for a

Certain boat, by ealarging the canal. can likewise

Be obtained by rducing the size of the boat, ih pro-

Portion to that of a snaller canal, aad, as I do not

Th Ak be' arg we be propose wy aoessary.

So do I decm a lesa sizt for a canal as gool very

Large boats may cost a httle Iess in trauportatton,

While moymg, but they make it up by the dithculty

Of completiog a load, and the time lost m obtaiming

It The ulopticn of so large a canal would caus

An enlacgement of the canal near Rclumond. whch

Judge W right is melmed to the opmon could b

Done, without vey grcat evprnss

The tooksofthe Jumes River Compaby will

Shew to the contrary . there. ou own experrlce

Relatve to the cnlargement of the old canal to its

Present size, will warn us that a simi or underta

Hung upon the present one, woald coat nearly as

Much as making a hew canal Fot, almost cvery

Work must be sabve rted and bult over agam How

For mstance, could that gontlelaan give the addhtion

Al depth over the cast ron cuiverts. whose tops

Toch the bottoun of the canal ot ths laurge aqueducts,

The crowa od the areh of which reaches alo to the

Botton or how cooihe give thas sahe depth to

The lok, without deaolishnng tircha?

As tothe co st of thy canal up, to ILynehburg, my

Own estumat- for a caual So fect wude by 3 feet

Deep was s17,700 p r mle. naludmg contungen-

Ches these dimenstons were fixed by law

This size Is, however, rather too small, a wilth

Of to teet woukd I thunk be pict rable, its cost might

Be s22 ooo Miy own estimate ofa canal 50 teet

By 5, as proposed Ly the as a rate chyghter, would

Be ss tlo The oputon ot this geathe man 1s.

That suoh acanal can be bmlt along the yalley of

Janaes nver, uder goo! mmament. for Is or

S?n Gaoper mle, provnlel watrementcanb pro

Cured at or near the Blue Ridge. Autlongha veral

Prtal nt coilitions are attaehed to ths cstunate

Sue has that the canad must be node under good

Manugenunt. the width is tobe roduced at Heavy

Blnfls anddlsewhere, suas toallow barely two

Lous to pass cach other hydrau ck lt must

On fronn the Blue Rudgre de Sull I mot that

No sa pne than that Ihavestated wnt make a

Eaal so w ade and deep as recommended

In the first plae, if the comditiotal ne ctres by

Whieh ths gentle man coutemplates kepang the

Cost within lis own estmate were Io orted to to

Any adequate extent. we should not have tha see

I nt canal we are promsed and m th ne xt oont

Of the m will not amount to much The tehietoh of

Width, for mstanee, cannot be very 1 atesal, as I

Will show

Exprpace, sihce cahals have beon Inoyn. hins

Taught ththe banks slould hayea sjope ef2 to I

Leynto abermor otlettat the watr's e e but

That under water I 1 2 to I is qute sutliejent Here

Iaowever. the slope of two to one is proposed to be

Carieeyen uneler water, tothe cvient disadvan

Tage nithe water way Then of couse, boats

Ti iw it I fiet water, could not, w ithout mjury to

The beiks come nearrtotne waters ege than 8

Teet on e h site T'o double ths dhrstanoc at

WeI(ihe proposed wrlth of the bot) amd al

Iow I fot letween them ah the whole amount 15

Fet. willh about the Ieast width I should conside

Pr actreable co that it wo'd be haully worth whnle

To break thr uniform wudth of5o lest. ifonce adop

Tad

But I will not fatigue yon with de tails I will

Anly aid as a ge neral coicbuson, that the canals

Of Pennsyvtua th costof which is well koown

And stil les a wonk ne arer to us. the Ohio annd

Chesopeakecahal dhshot mstify so low eh est

Pate for so large a Gaual The Ohio ahd Chesd

P"oke canal, 6o fetwude Gfest deep. was cstuma

Tod for with these dimenlou in Ies on the see

Tuon ot 1 ds loo nulee ahealy conpl ted at aLout

223 76o per mle,exchusie of coht ngehe1s

In Is3o whon twothudsot the wonk were don

And cne Uurd estimated to be done. the tabulan

Summary ot th work done ahd tob shooge was al

Reauly

532.171 prmk

What wete liereaeot given for th exeess

Oecaslonal eniuge mot uf the mtended dirae

Spons, unborescen qualits grooual for exeavation

Riseof thepin mitahor da

Ths yeaIIsslj Ue woin do shd a shonll

Propotuon to bedoe,i iren th same see

Tion to

Opr mle

To whuch should headd to

Contigensiesneue

500

And thus the cost ot the Ois

And chesapeahe calal

3100p

On the first sectiom

We are told, it i trte tot a5 Oo pet mile 1

An ample estimate for the ea tin s ci e 12

Mtesaboye Harpr's Fery whch wi ron

Able contingm, rght s.Ooo Bat p

Cdugdisupantinentstite ts to reaoabec

Tion, and I canot adopt this Iivorable an'regoton

As a practical basis untl it has rereived the dhar

Acter ofa fact by actual oxcetta, Ih oo tof,

First section. swelled o msh beyoa th cst

Mate, wihi siveto givean idea of the ent oi wide

Canals

Unlese. therefore, the Intend d I1nauent ind

Excellant canal lreso mutilated by t may n

Teral s algd con'racted wor ks. as Lo Ioni to ts a

Good work, und s the wid cmd b snofien and

Somateniallyrebr m slth as to incna ta

Properly ahteoy canai teatug numwe bet.

Whch I mysel would not eertanly eall grri net

Dgehuent, 1t1s qute Iujo sihle to make th cma

50 feet wide and 5 feet daep along James river at

1s or0,ooa mmle aed noixntim And tlerfon

Should a cnni bsd termed uon I w mld prefer

One of the former siz. 40 fect wide 3 12 teet dp

Whuch canpass boats as large as 4 uah'e and

The depthet whnch allows o foals isteadof obpd

Tionabie bradges thereby aiso the present sectiot

Mightremain uutouched

CONCLUSION

Havihg once more revieyed the thy e modes

Of improyemett spoken ol ttwcen Ruhmond

And Lyn hburg. and added such remarks as new

Clraulastances saggeste d, I now proced to give mns

Own opmoofthe Jmooyeh t wtoIyhehbatrg

If ecomony is to has a gra' weight in the

Decision, of the question, oid tie prosent sectional

Exig noes ot the traah upt, Lyaichburg only. are

Cotesidered a losk ahd data inppoyement would suf

Fice

But irit i wished to a fop', at oncc, that styl of

Ioprovemehtby st adapteI to secur to Vurgutn the

Gaea' anal extensive alvantages she cnn comutand

By I i geograpincal situation a tall road is unedoubt

Ediy the system I should pr ter

This opunion, to whch I hase mclined for some

Time, as may be gathered from my Ietter of Iast win

Ter to Mr. Garlant has beey fortitied m my mind

I y the opcrattohs of the past season, which have

Proved the conneetion with the west tobe most re-

Markably practreable aad f Virginia is pepared

To expetd thre pdhons o, dollars upon an umprove

Ment up to the mountats. it is co rtamly hot to a ca

Nal I should wish to see the m aoplied

I will not trouile yt with a reptition of th

Many arguments ur god by the respective friends of

Canals and rail moals. as I clo not think the question

Ought to be decided hore between them mn the ab

Straet : but rather by the local and pecuiar consid

Rations belonging to the case : to which, it seens to

Me judge Wright, in the opion he has givet, did

Not suliciently advert.

In the first place. the cost of a rail road, lous'

Track,)would not xid 0ooo a mil, as Is now

Tully establishud by the expancnce of the Baltuor

And Ohio s ul roud

In the neat. thuseentral line being m a drection

Whch will nsite tra cling, the uproyem ht would

Derive from tis antce mn akditaohal revehue, not

To be expe telop t catal

But the princapai an I aost decusive consaderation

I have to offer s, that mutorranty in the moele of

Transportal a is hoghly she sarable it saves the ex

Pehse anad other mconvcntcnees of tramslation every

Where, aed si thus paticular mstance, may save

The whole trade Iar if now the trade of Ten

Leasee goes to Baltimore, over the worst of roads,

How much mote re s hily would it take that course,

If a rail road from T's nies sre or Kanaw ha, to James

River, was met thete by one coming along the valley

Of the Senandoah I

Let us picture toourselves a train coming rapid

Ly down to James river, across which is a rail-road

Viaduet on thus an clegant locomotive engie is in

Waitmg, whch, m one day, will cairy the whol

Tran to Balamore, without delay, without unload

Mg

On the othcr side are"negroes, resting on their

Long poles myiting the produce to thr safe convey

Ance of their boat under lock aid hey. down

Ri hmond. at the rate of y 1 2 nules en hour. that

Is m so hours '(7 average days ') trom Pattonsburg

-the power, sad negroes thumselves, or some

Hanedaed & whp strpod mules Whuch of thesr

I ask, will tempt the trad ? I anawer, the lo

Comotive cwrue. whch will be in Baltore lon

Be fote a transter could be nale nto the boats, and

Ata lsycost

The danger of such a contigency may not be

Immedate, but it may. it will come and wall the

Statt make a canal now, at great cost, with a pros

Pest ofben; placed heteatler under the necesuty

Of eoeveitugit mto a raul road in selt defence?

Ceitanly not shr will prcfer to make that work at

Ohee. wheh whle it will best guad her mterest.

Will ptoeute her on unanterrupted and umform Ine

Af tratspontaton y hich willcost no mote than rn

Orhnay sal produce more revenue, give greater

Cr lerty and montentun to her commmeree. facthitate

Traclne and mtereotut save muchusefut time to

Inbustry wheh m ithcr trosts nor droughts can

Anpede and whose ratatcatiots may so eastly be

Extend d mn eeiy dnecton. ahnd even search the

Tide waiar distirt, so weil adlapted to it, and mnfuse

Into nt the If of tiaule Activity of capital 1s

Wealth, atud it is boest promoted by this paticulay

Syatem Morcover, caupls have done then best

Raul roads row at least cqual to thent, are stll ad

Vanelh towards pcrfection

Persons who have not watchad the progress of

Thungs, may be dispos d to tax me with mutabulity

Of opuon, but a short cnqury will convince them

That new cucumstanees, by nodifymg my data,

Have nectasarily mtroduced correspondmg modifi-

Cattons mnto my opnons, and that I have mvatially

Adopted witheut hesatation, whatever has become

Be st m consequence of th rapd mproyeme nt of the

:,;e.

In 1s6, when only navigation was thaught of

The alvances made in steam cngmnes, mduced me

To hr stiate thn bpplieattom to a system of navi

Gation hutherto untried, and I de nonstrated. I

Thuink, that on a broad river, with a very amall fall

As is James river up to I.ynchburg the use of steam

Boats on in iaproyement by Iocks and dams. would

Possrss several advantares-Steamboats have

Stnce been brought togreater perfection, whch 1

Still mme favorable tothe system, & humat inven

Tion is coustaptly durected to the substitutuon of

Team taother power

At that time. I could rnt alyoeate ra toat's

Neather the power jor the wholes waad then

Were adyantngecns. h velocities obtained heing

Shall aad the loaada carried Isht Itis now hardly

Twoyt rnee the mportant waptovemehts ih thus

Nok ofemvey nr have beeu male they have

Lecn radand astoneshing

As laite ae the 2th of April. Is2o, the dura

Toursod the Iavorpool and Manchester rail road of

Freda prctna fa lo omotive cngne, iejuum,

Only, that

The cnerihe, iit weiele sry tons. must be cn

Pable of lrawig on a l vi plane a tram of car

Riaes of the gross weight ot 2o tons, ine luding ten

D i md water tank at the rate of ten mles an hour

With a presure of team m th boilei not exeeedmg

S0pu on theuat Ieh

These were thoir utmost requisitions nud ex

Pr stat,ons. yet they ware grratly exeeedd An

Neine was puoduced waehng only 4I 1 tons

Vbuch earricd as much s 46 1 4 tons gross. at tho

1 ot 133 1 mles an hou Gueater resulta have

Been obtaned since

A singh but large cogine, the Sampson, for

Ratance, we are mhlogned Lhe drawn Io tons

At an average rate oi twciye mtles an hour. the

Oke bauned not b tng qut I 3 of a pound per ton

Prmh

Whule thus movine powerhasrec ived theee beat-

Tiind lapioyemrnts tihe mcats of dimimshung the

Resistanee hae not bren neglee' d A few years

Eo Tedeold estumated the frction at I m I3o, N

Woepd vonored as for as I m 2oo Now. I have

Aireay metioued that th Wman s chr qhables 1

Poudad todraw 15o with shall whecs; and that

Wit, outside b mmngs and chulled boxes. conmon

Cars will prohbly bs made with anlarged wheIsto

Be draw n by I poand out of loo and perhaps more

The consude rable dimnution or resistance on

One haud or the other, the fortunate appheation of

The beautifd atd cheop power of lsomotive en

Rnescapable alike of ueneryand veloity,whach

Set anunal power and sped at defanee and with

Al perfectly under controul. are new circu.nstances

To whch th most obdurate obstnasy ouly could

Re fuse convietion The rail ropd system is the tr

Uph o the aee-the sltimate effrts of is mtro

Dactom are meaieulable, nnd with the certamty

That it wiil prodace mmportant changes m the

Commereial and even Ioliteal world, its early

Adopt:on is sufr than its rejeetion, in favo of

Anoher system. from whici no farther deyelop

Ments are to be e xjaed Sush ere my opmons,

And such theraotis

Allof whuchs r pectfully sulrmted

C CROZET. Pnmapal Enganeer

RicT:yonp, 2Gt Decamber, I831