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Sign up freeThe New Hampshire Gazette
Portsmouth, Rockingham County, New Hampshire
What is this article about?
British forces under General Wolfe besiege Quebec in 1759, with skirmishes at French trenches, bombardments destroying much of the town, and ongoing operations including prisoner captures and reinforcements from General Amherst. The campaign involves naval support from Admiral Saunders.
Merged-components note: Merged as the journal on page 2 is a direct continuation and additional detailed account of the Quebec campaign under the Boston news dateline from component 4, focusing on the same military events in the ongoing war with France.
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Extract of a LETTER, dated Point Levee Camp, August 10th, 1759.
Take this Opportunity to inform you of our Success:-
Every thing went on here well till the 31st of July, when the brave General WOLFE with his Handful of Men attempted to storm the French Trenches and Batteries. but had the largest Fall of Water to cross that ever I saw ; after getting over, we had a Hill to mount, that would take a Man 20 Minutes to get up, without having any Arms. but notwithstanding the Army mounted through the hottest Fire from the Enemy that I ever Saw, all their Cannon being loaded with Grape-shot. so far as to get possession of the first Battery of three Guns, and a Redoubt: but the whole French Army coming down on our handful of Men. we was obliged to retreat, with no considerable Loss. considering the Enemy being 12,000 strong, and ours not above 3000 : But thank God we are even with them, For on August 4th, Gen. Otway's Regiment, with Bragg's, was ordered out to watch the Enemy's Motion. in two Divisions, and was to meet in 3 Days, but Otway's Regiment in their March were fired on by the Enemy, though no body could they see, but drew up and fired where they saw the Smoak come from for some Time. then they took the Bush and drove the Rascals from behind their Ambush into a Plain, then drew up in order of Battle, and drove the Dogs into the Fall of Water, fired at them as they strove to get through it ; after getting over, they got a great Body, and came over again, but met with the same Fate as before : they attempted it a third time with a very large Body, being double the Number of the other two, but our Officers and Sergeant-Major calling out, my good Boys, don't forget Fort. William Henry. (they being the Regiment that suffered there) they all with one Voice swore never to forget it, and hoped there to pay the Debt they so long wish'd for : accordingly marched and drew up in this Form. 3 Companies on the Flanks. and 7 in the Front ; but the three Companies on the Flanks behaved so well that they never gave Ground so as to let the Front fire one Shot 'till the Enemy run as before ; the Loss of the Enemy is thought to be 300 or 400, our Loss was 4 Officers and 32 Privates, killed 12. and thereft wounded.-There is eight 13 Inch Mortars, and 12 Pieces of Cannon against the Town: We have play'd our part so well, that I had the good Fortune to throw a 13 Inch Shell into the grand Church, and burnt it with several fine Buildings down to the Ground. And on August 5th, at 12 o'Clock at Night we threw a Carcass and one Shell on their Battery of 9 Guns, which blew up their Magazine, Platforms, and burnt with such Violence that some of the Garrison was obliged to get into Boats to save themselves from the Flames: the whole Town is now in Ruin. We have one live Indian and about 400 French and Canadians Prisoners : the Enemy is very strong and numerous, so that I cannot say whether we shall be Masters of the Ground where the Town did stand. for I cannot call it one now.-General Wolfe issued out a Proclamation which was to last to the 10th of August. so that to morrow, (if the Canadians don't come this Day) he will burn and destroy all he is in Possession of, which is very considerable, being on both Sides the River, with all the Island of Orleans, which is 7 Leagues long, and the finest Island that I believe is in America. The Enemy have been so kind to us as to send us down from the town a large Fire ships and Floats, 7 at one time, and 2 very large ones at the other, but have met with no Damage from them yet ; by the Carefulness of the Admiral, the like I never saw. for this may very well be call'd War, every Man goes on with such a good Will, notwithstanding the great fatigue of the Siege. We have expended three times the Ammunition already as we did the whole Siege of Louisbourg ; and Capt. Rouse. with two Frigates, two large Cat's made into Men of War. with one Sloop, and a 20 Gun Ship is beyond the town. And on the 4th of this Month, General Amherst's Regiment. and 800 Highlanders, with a small Detachment of Artillery marched by Land to join him. We expect he is gone to destroy 2 Frigates and their grand Magazine, which we are informed by a Deserter is up there. and to burn and destroy the Country. This with all the Rest in this Letter you may depend on for truth.
I am. &c.
By another Letter from a Gentleman in the Fleet, dated August 14, We have the following.
No Attempt has been made to force the Enemy's Trenches, but their Number being superior, it was thought prudent to beat a Retreat. which was well executed, with the Loss of about 50 killed. and about 200 wounded.--Since which nothing material has passed, except a most severe Cannonading and Bombardment on the Town, which will continue until the City is taken, or the Siege raised.
Brigadier Murray with 1000 or 1200 Men is above the Town-The Sutherland and Squirrel are above also. --The Place will not speedily be left, and I would hope and say, not till we are Masters of it.
We are daily in Hopes of being join'd by Mr. Amherst. which. if effected. will. I doubt not, ascertain our Success : And if we should not, an Attempt will once more be made to make ourselves Masters of their Trenches, (and of Consequence the Town) Sword in Hand ; and if that should fail. the greater Part of the Army will winter on the Isle Coudre; where the Ships will go to (tho' some will stay at Gapee-Bay) I do not presume to say, as I am well assured it is not as yet determined. or will it be till the Fate of the Place is.
You may depend upon it, if we do not succeed this Season, after we have got every Thing necessary for the Army, or Coudre, the Rest will be burnt ; as our Troops are daily getting in Live Stock, &c. and consuming the Villages around us ; that at all Times the Country appears a Fire to us, and all their goodly Habitations are and will be laid in Ashes :- Tho' they are our inveterate Enemies, I cannot but pity the poor Women and Children, Numbers of which have fallen into our Hands, and been generously sent into Town ; till at last they refused receiving any more ; whereupon many remain in our Hands.
You may depend upon it, that either the Place will be taken, or the Country so far destroy'd, that they will be terribly distress'd for Provisions. as is evident from their own Account.
Various are the Accounts from General Amherst - and by what we learn from Prisoners and Deserters. he has succeeded hitherto ; which gives us Hopes of a Reinforcement from him."
Another of the same Date, Says, - " We have taken at least a 1000 Prisoners. and above 1000 Cattle :-- And that a large Number of Men from the Ships and Transports, are to storm the City Sword in Hand."
Since we received the Accounts of the Proceedings of the Fleet and Army before Quebeck, we have been favoured with a JOURNAL, wrote by an Officer of Distinction, from the Day they sailed from Louisbourg, to the 13th of August, which is as follows, viz.
June 4th. We sailed from Louisbourg, under the
1759.
Command of Admiral Saunders, with
22 Sail of the Line. 22 Frigates. Bomb Ketches and
Fireships, and about 90 Transports having Troops,
Artillery, Stores and Provisions on board.
23d. We anchored at the Isle of Bic.
25th. We anchored in the Bay of St. Paul's, over
against the Isle of Coudre, where we met Admiral Dur-
rell, who found on board some of the French Vessels
he had taken, Letters, advice— That Mr. Bourlamarque
who commanded the French Forces at Carillon, had
Orders to abandon that Place and Crown Point : and
to retire between Crown Point and Montreal. He
informed us that three Frigates and 14 French Vessels
loaded with Ammunition and Provisions were got up
to Quebec.
27th. We anchored between the Isle of Orleans
and the South Side, opposite to the Parish of St. Law-
rence. We had this Day a most terrible Storm; we
lost half the Boats belonging to our Fleet, many An-
chors, and several Vessels dismasted.
28th. At 2 in the Morning the Wind at S. E. the
Enemy sent down from the City three Fire Ships in
Flames to our Fleet ; but they were towed ashore with.
Out doing any Damage.
N. B. Our Troops that came with General Wolfe
was divided into three Brigades.
30th. Our 3 Brigades encamped on the Eminence,
behind St. Lawrence Church.
July 1st. Brigadier Monckton went with three
Regiments, the Light Infantry and Rangers, to take
Post at Point Levy, and Engineers went with him to
make Entrenchments there.
2d. Brigadier Townshend marched with his Brigade
—to join Col. Carleton, who was with the Grenadiers at
the Point of the Island.
The Day following Gen. Murray's Brigade followed.
5th. Gen. Wolfe sent back some Prisoners (that
were taken at Landing at Point Levy) with a Manifesto
declaring to the Inhabitants of the Country, That if
they would Surrender, they should enjoy full Liberty
of Conscience ; and in general, all their Liberties, Pri-
vileges, &c. But on the contrary if they delayed re-
turning to their Habitations. they might expect to
be treated with the greatest severity.
7th. A Man deserted from Quebec, by whom we
were informed that the French Forces were about 15:
000 Men, among Whom there were six Battalions of
Regulars.
9th. Brigadier Townshend passed the Northern Arm
or Branch, with his Brigade, without the loss of a Man.
The Day following. the 35th, and 28th Regiments
followed ; the whole Encamped at the Point below
the Falls of Montmorency, and we intrenched as soon
as we possibly could.
22d. We landed about 3 Leagues above Quebec,
where we took a Number of Women, and lost 8 Men,
and Major Prevost was wounded.
26th. The Enemy attacked our Camp near Mont-
morency, and were repulsed ; they saved themselves in
Part, by swimming across the Falls, but they lost many
Men : We had 2 Officers killed, and 12 wounded ; 10
Privates killed and 40 Wounded.
The Night between the 27th and 28th [July] the
Enemy sent down a Number of Rafts and infernal
Barks chained together, above 1000 Feet long : but
they had scarce began to row this Chain of Fire Ves-
sel into the Current, before 60 of our Boats rowed to
them, grappled, and did not leave the Enemy Time to
retire with all their Men ; so that they lost some by the
Flames, and some by Water; and we not one single
Man wounded.
31st. We landed upon the Shoals of Beauport. Our
13 Companies of Grenadiers joined by 200 Royal A-
mericans, began the Attack of the French Entrench-
ments, the 15th, and 48th Regiments, commanded by
Brigadier Monckton were to sustain them. The Bri-
gade of General Townshend and Murray passed the
Ford under the Falls, for to sustain the latter. Our
Grenadiers having began the Attack too soon, after
having suffered a most quick and smart Fire from the
Parapet for above 20 Minutes, they retired under cover
of a Shower which came up Suddenly. The Rain
rendered the Enemy's Entrenchments entirely inacce-
ssible. and the Tide coming in, the General did not
think it proper to make a Second Attack : We retreated
very slowly and in good Order. We had between 30
and 40 Officers killed and wounded in this little Affair,
and above 400 Men killed and wounded.
We have almost entirely ruined all the Buildings at
Quebeck from our Batteries of Cannon and Bombs from
the Point de Peres St. Joseph, which have played above
three weeks.
Aug. 9th. One of our Carcasses set Fire to the
lower Town of Quebeck, which burnt the whole Day,
and destroyed above two thirds of the Houses.
11th. The Savages and Canadians attacked our
Working Parties in the Woods,and they were repulsed.
We lost 8 Men killed, and about 40 wounded.
13th. General Murray with 1800 Men is gone up
towards the Trois Rivieres, with Design to burn the
Enemy's Magazines and destroy—&c. &c.
What sub-type of article is it?
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Where did it happen?
Foreign News Details
Primary Location
Quebec
Event Date
June To August 1759
Key Persons
Outcome
british losses in skirmishes: ~50 killed, ~200 wounded on july 31; 4 officers and 32 privates killed/wounded on august 4; french losses: 300-400 on august 4, many in other engagements; town of quebec largely ruined by bombardment; ~1000 prisoners and 1000 cattle taken; ongoing siege with hopes of success or destruction of countryside.
Event Details
British expedition under General Wolfe sails from Louisbourg in June 1759 with fleet commanded by Admiral Saunders. They anchor near Quebec, face storms and fire ships, establish positions at Point Levy and Montmorency. Skirmishes include failed assault on French trenches July 31, ambush repulsion August 4, and attacks on working parties August 11. Heavy bombardment destroys much of Quebec, including church and batteries. Reinforcements from Amherst expected; plans to storm city or winter on Isle Coudres if needed. French forces ~15,000; British divide into brigades for operations.