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Glacier County Chief
Browning, Glacier County, Montana
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Historical explanation of the 'Fid. Def.' title on British coins, originating from Pope Leo X granting 'Fidei Defensor' to Henry VIII in 1521 for defending Catholicism against Luther, revoked by Pope Paul III in 1538, and reaffirmed by English Parliament in 1544 for the Protestant faith, retained by all British sovereigns since.
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The title "Fidei Defensor" (Defender of the Faith) was conferred on the English King Henry VIII by Pope Leo X, in 1521. It was his recognition of Henry's reply to Martin Luther. When Henry quarreled with Rome, in 1538, the Pope then in power, Paul III, deprived him of this title. But in 1544 it was confirmed by the English parliament, and has ever since been borne by all British sovereigns. Now it refers to the Protestant faith, and not, as at first, to the Catholic religion.
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Foreign News Details
Primary Location
England
Event Date
1521, 1538, 1544
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title conferred in 1521, deprived in 1538, confirmed by english parliament in 1544, now referring to protestant faith borne by all british sovereigns.
Event Details
The title "Fidei Defensor" (Defender of the Faith) was conferred on English King Henry VIII by Pope Leo X in 1521 as recognition of Henry's reply to Martin Luther. When Henry quarreled with Rome in 1538, Pope Paul III deprived him of the title. In 1544, it was confirmed by the English parliament and has been borne by all British sovereigns since, now referring to the Protestant faith rather than the original Catholic religion.