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Portsmouth, Rockingham County, New Hampshire
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Following the British conquest of Martinico, details on the Neutral Islands (Dominico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Tobago) including geography, inhabitants, and value. Articles of capitulation for Fort Royal citadel on 4 February 1762, inventory of captured artillery and stores from 31 January to 5 February 1762, and strategic importance of the possession.
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DOMINICO, which Lord Rollo and Sir James Douglas have taken Possession of, is an Island which lies midway between Gaudaloupe and Martineco; its Length is from North South about 25 Miles, its Breadth about 6 or 7 Miles. -Prince Rupert's Bay lies to the N. W. it is large and convenient for wooding and watering. Admiral Sir Chaloner Ogle stop't here, with all his Fleet, in his Way to Carthagena ; at this Place also Lord Cathcart, Commander in chief of all the Land Forces of that Expedition. died in his Baggage out...Roseau, towards the S. W. of the Island, is the chief Settlement : Here are 3 or 4 watering Places; and as it lies within ten Leagues of Martineco, might be a very convenient Place for those Ships stationed to the Leeward of that Island to wood and water at.
There are on the Island about 700 Men able to bear Arms, about 3000 white Inhabitants, and about 7000 Negroes...There are some of the Caribbee Indians toward the windward Side, but the French despise them, and keep them under. The whole Island is well watered. The French cultivated on it great Quantities of Coffee, Cocoa, and Cotton. The Soil in many Places is very rich, and would produce excellent Sugar Cane, but the French allow none to be planted there, or on St. Vincents.... The Enemy had five Guns mounted at Roseau, which served for a Protection to their Privateers, who fled here when pressed by any of our Frigates, and if they found a Market, sold their Prizes without, Condemnation.... Their Governor, Monf. Longpree, acts under a Commission from the Governor of Martinico. '- It is a valuable Island in itself. and considerable to us on Account of its Situation and Convenience for watering our Squadron upon that Station.
St. Lucia lies to the Southward of Martineco, about 5 or 6 Leagues. The French have taken open Possession of it, and have some Companies of Regulars at a Fort at a very fine Harbour under two Hills called the Sugar Loaves... It is more cultivated than Dominico. It is said there are in it 3000 Men fit to bear Arms. There is a Sort of poisonous Snake on it, which is not much heard of on any other of the Caribee Islands. It is not so long as Dominico, but better inhabited.
St. Vincent lies about 7 or 8 Leagues South of St. Lucia. It is of a circular Form, excellently well watered, and a fine rich Soil; Sugar Cane grows extremely well on it. The Caribbee Indians are pretty numerous, but the French are too many to have any Thing to fear from them. It is of considerable Extent, and its present Produce is Coffee, Cocoa and Tobacco.
Tobago lies about 40 Leagues South of Barbados : Its Length from North-east to South-west is about 27 Miles; where broadest, about 10 Miles over. There are a Number of watering Places and good Bays. It is an excellent Rendezvous for our large Ships in the hurricane Season. The Caribbee Indians live chiefly on the South east Side, and are about 400..-There were about 30 French Turtlers. but his Majesty's Ship Arundel brought off 12 of them, took away all the Nets and Canoes, and burnt their Huts. It is an excellent Soil, and full of very fine Wood. fit for almost any Use : plenty of Fish and Turtle are caught about the Island : Barbados has useless starving People enough to plant this.
ARTICLES of Capitulation of the Citadel of Fort Royal in the Island of Martinico, 4th February 1762.
The commanding officer of the citadel
Art: I.
T
hall march out at the head of the garrison composed of troops detached from the marine, the royal grenadiers, cannoniers, bombardiers & Swiss; the different detachments of the military & free booters, and other volunteers, with the honours of war, drums beating, lighted match, colours flying, two pieces of cannon, and three rounds of ammunition each.
Art. The troops of his most christian Majesty in garrison shall march out with drums beating, colours flying, two pieces of cannon, two rounds of ammunition, and shall be embarked and sent to France as soon as possible, at the expence of his Britannic Majesty.
The militia, freebooters and others, belonging to the island, shall lay-down their arms and be prisoners of war. till the fate of it is determined.
Art. II. The garrison shall be sent to the port of Rochfort in France. by the most short and expeditious way, at the expence, and in the ships of his Britannic Majesty. Answered in the first..
Art. III. The said garrison shall be lodged and maintained in the town of Fort. Royal. till their departure, at the expence of his Britannic Majesty.
They shall be maintained at the expence of his Britannic Majesty. and shall be embarked as -in the first Article and
Art. IV. That it shall be lawful for the officers. Creoles and others, to go into the island and stay there as long as shall be necessary to settle their Affairs.
A reasonable time will be allowed to the officers to settle their affairs, they behaving according to the rules of war.
Art. V. That the officers and others who have effects in the country Shall keep them. : Granted.
Art. VI. That the officers shall take their servants along with them. Granted.
T.
Art. VII. That the militia and other inhabitants who now make part of the said garrison, may retire to their homes with their servants likewise. Answered in the first article.
Art. VIII. The volunteers of St. Vincent. who came here to the succour of the place, shall be furnished with boat and provisions, to carry them home again. with their servants, arms, and baggage, as soon as possible. To remain prisoners of war.
Art. IX. That the inhabitants likewise Shall be furnished with shallops or boats to carry them to the different quarters of this island. Refused.
Art. X. That the sick and wounded shall be removed to the hospital of this city. to be there taken care of by our own Surgeons, till they are perfectly recovered ; and that the commissary of his Britannic Majesty shall take care to furnish 'em with subsistence.
They shall be taken the same care of as our own, and may be attended by their surgeons.
Art. XI. That the said hospital shall take away with them their medicines. and all their utensils and effects in general. Granted.
Art. XII. That the chaplain of the troops shall be permitted to administer spiritual succours to the sick, as well as Others of the troops, and publickly to bury the dead without molestation. Granted.
Art. XIII. That the said sick shall. after their recovery. follow the fortune of their respective corps. as well as those who shall be actually in the hospitals without the town. Granted.
Art. XIV. That there shall be a general inventory taken by commissaries named by each party. of the artillery, ammunition, provisions, and all other effects within the place. Granted.
Art. XV. That the English prisoners detain'd in this citadel. shall be exchanged for ours. Among others. M. de Cappone. Major of this city and island shall be included in the exchange, to follow the fortune of the officers of the place. Refused.
Art. XVI. The effects of the officers and men belonging to the Royal Grenadiers. which we left upon Morne Garnier. Shall be restored to them. It cannot be complied with, as it will be impossible to recover them.
Art. XVII. That the armed free Negroes and Mulattoes, that entered into the citadel as attendants on the companies of militia. shall go out likewise with the said companies. - They shall remain prisoners of war until the fate of the island is determined.
Art. XVIII. That three days Shall be granted for the evacuation of the place, at the end of which time the gate shall be given up to his Britannic Majesty, whilst the garrison shall march out.
The gate of the fort shall be given up to the troops of his Britannic Majesty this evening at 5 o'clock, and the French garrison shall march out at 9 to morrow morning.
Art. XIX. That before the capitulation is settled. the commanding officer of the place shall be permitted to communicate it to the General. and in the mean time there shall be a suspension of arms, and that all the works shall cease on both sides.
After the capitulation is signed. and the gate of the fort possessed by the British troops, the Commandant shall be allowed to acquaint his General with it
Rob Monckton.
De Lignery.
G. B. Rodney.
An account of all the French brass and iron guns, Mortars, &c. shells, powder, ordinance, stores, and babiliments of war, taken at the different posts, batteries, and fortified redoubts. by his Majesty's troops from the time of their landing at St. Ann's Bay; the 31st January, to the surrender of the garrison and citadel of Fort Royal, the 5th of February 1762) with the places where taken.
At St. Ann's Bay,
Iron ordinance mounted, 5 18 pounders, unserviceable.
On Grand Ance Bay,
Iron ordinance, 3 eighteen pounders, unserviceable; round shot, 210 serviceable.
1
On three batteries near Cape de Mavierre,
Iron ordnance, 1 eighteen pounder, serviceable; 1 ditto, 4 sixteen ditto, unserviceable.
At five batteries on Morne Tortenson.
Iron ordnance, 1 twelve pounder serviceable ; 1 ditto, unserviceable ; 1 eight ditto, 4 four ditto, serviceable ; 7 four ditto, unserviceable. 1
Brass mortars, 2 seven inches, serviceable.
Round shot. 25 four pounders, serviceable.
Musquets of different sorts, 155 serviceable ; 27
Bayonets, 32 unserviceable.
unserviceable.
Powder barrels. 42 serviceable.
Musquet flints, 1800 serviceable.
On or near the Morne Garnier,
Iron Ordinance, 6 twenty four pounders, serviceable :
1 ditto, unserviceable ; 2 twelve pounders, serviceable :
4. four pounders, unserviceable.
Brass ordnance, 2 six pounders, serviceable.
Brass mortars 13. 2 serviceable.
Shells empty 13. 262 serviceable:
Musket Balls, 28 Cwt. Serviceable.
Musket Flints, 300 Cwt serviceable.
Powder barrels, 76 serviceable.
Match, 1 Cwt serviceable.
Musket cartridges. 28,000 serviceable.
Fuzees fired, 120 thirteen inch. serviceable.
Shot for six pounders, round fixed 97 serviceable:
Ditto, for ditto, grape fixed, 24 serviceable,
On the River Monseigneur 8 Redoubts.
Iron ordinance, 2 eighteen pounders, 4 sixteen
ditto, 2 twelve ditto, two six ditto, 17 three
ditto. unserviceable.
Round shot, 50 eighteen pounders, 365 sixteen
ditto, 50 twelve ditto, 20 six ditto, 468 three
ditto, serviceable.
Musket ball, 6 Cwt. and a half, serviceable.
Ditto cartridges, 14,000 serviceable.
Powder, 5 barrels, serviceable.
In Fort Royal,
Iron ordnance, 13 thirty six pounders, serviceable 3
ditto unserviceable; 30 twenty four pounders,
serviceable; 4 ditto, unserviceable; 24.
eighteen pounders, serviceable ; 12 ditto, unserviceable; 21 one pounders, and a half, serviceable.
Brass ordnance, 1 eight pounder, serviceable; a two
ditto unserviceable ; 1 seven ditto, serviceable:
Brass mortar, 1 five and a half ditto, serviceable?
Powder. including filled cartridges for cannon,
677 barrels, serviceable.
Round shot, 350 forty two pounders, 1600 thirty-
six ditto, 2000 twenty six ditto, 2476 twenty-
four ditto, 1500 eighteen ditto, 550 nine ditto;
3620 three ditto, serviceable.
Shells, 575 thirteen inches, serviceable ; 22 ditto
unserviceable; 21 ten ditto, serviceable. 4020
grenades, serviceable; 300 ditto, unserviceable.
Shells fixed, 35 thirteen inches, 22 nine ditto,
serviceable.
Musket ball, 18 tons serviceable.
serviceable.
Musquets of different sort, 1760,
unserviceable.
Axes unhelved, 190 serviceable.
Carcases fixed, 50 thirteen inches, 53 seven ditto
serviceable.
serviceable.
Thomas Ord, Lieut. Col
of the royal Regiment of Artillery.
Wm SaluonsTALL, Commissary of Artillery!
The defection of the inhabitants, which M. de la Touche, the General, stiled rebellion, obliged him to capitulate, in order to save the town of St Peter's. the largest and best built in all the West Indies, it being two miles in length, and a quarter of a mile in breadth, the streets regular, and abounding in large commodious houses On casting an eye over the map of the West Indies, it appears that his Majesty, by the possession of this Caribee Island, is as much master of the West Indies as Gibraltar makes him of the Mediterranean, all the enemy's supplies to their colonies being obliged to take this track. as appears by the large Spanish ship which Admiral Rodney took on the 4th of February, loaded with powder, cannon and all sorts of ammunition, designed for the Spanish forts at La Guira: This capture, tho' of small value to his Majesty, is of great detriment to his enemies.
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Foreign News Details
Primary Location
Martinico
Event Date
4th February 1762
Key Persons
Outcome
capitulation of fort royal citadel; french garrison to be sent to france at british expense; militia as prisoners; extensive capture of artillery, ammunition, and stores listed by location; strategic control of west indies trade routes.
Event Details
British forces under Lord Rollo and Sir James Douglas took Dominico; descriptions of Neutral Islands including Dominico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Tobago with geography, inhabitants, produce, and strategic value. Articles of capitulation for Citadel of Fort Royal detail terms for garrison evacuation, maintenance, prisoner exchanges (some refused), and inventory of captured French ordnance, mortars, shot, powder, etc. from 31 January to 5 February 1762. Defection of inhabitants led to capitulation to save St. Peter's town; capture of Spanish supply ship by Admiral Rodney.