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Sign up freeNorfolk Gazette And Publick Ledger
Norfolk, Virginia
What is this article about?
Reports from July 1813 detail an incipient civil war in the Creek Nation between peace factions allied with the US and rebellious chiefs seeking arms from Pensacola. Choctaw leader Mushulatubee warns of rebellions killing US-friendly chiefs and plans to attack frontiers. Settlers flee, forts built amid alarms of British incitement.
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PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.
Fort Stoddart, 18th July
We do not know whether the mail will proceed through the Creek nation this week. Alarms have been great, in consequence of an incipient civil war between the government of the nation, who are attached to peace and to the United States, and rebellious chiefs and their adherents, who have not yet learned to make individual will and personal ambition bend to the will and interests of the community. They profess however to have no hostility to white people.
plc. And last week a person was employed by the postmaster at this place to take the detained mails through the nation to the Creek agency, on the borders of Georgia. Whether any one will undertake to carry it this week is uncertain. I do not know at present of any indications of hostility with our Spanish neighbors. Some of the disaffected Creeks went down to Pensacola with pack-horses, a week or two ago, for supplies of ammunition. The constituted authorities of the Creek nation sent warriors to intercept them. What has been the result I have not learned.
Knoxville, (Ten.) August 9.
We are indebted to the politeness of D. H. M'Clung for the following copies of letters, received by the last western mail.
Fort St. Stephens, July 28th.
"Sir - I enclose you copies of two letters received four days ago, one from Judge Toulmin, the other from Mingo Mushulatubee, which will give you the best information I possess on the subject of the Creek war. We are in great alarm here; the frontier settlers are leaving their little farms, and are coming into our neighborhood. We are building a strong fort at Mount Republic. Brown, Davis, and myself, are talking about picketing in our houses, and some of our neighbours propose to assist us.
"A report reached here this morning, that Tate had returned from Pensacola, and states that the party of Indians mentioned in Judge Toulmin's letter had applied to the governor for arms and ammunition, and produced the letter from Canada, but the governor refused, saying the Spanish government was at peace with ours. Tate adds that the Creek Prophets were with them, and encouraged them not to despair, and assured them success with the War Club, if they could not get ammunition. The citizens of Pensacola had sold the party some powder before Tate left there.
"In great haste, your friend,
GEO. S. GAINES."
(Copy.)
"Choctaw Nation. July 15.
"Friend and Brother--On the 25th June I thought proper to call my friends and warriors together to judge of the improper proceedings of the Muscogees, and on that day, wrote my statements and sent four of my captains into their nation, but I am sorry to inform you, my warriors who returned four days since, could not deliver my letter owing to the disturbances among them villains, the Muscogees. My captain which I can rely on informs me, that part of sixteen towns have rebelled and killed eight of the Chiefs who were friendly to the United States. They also inform me the Big Warrior and Captain Isaacs are secreted together and protected by a few friends. Col. Hawkins, and Alexander Cornels, have left the nation, by the request of the Big Warrior, to solicit the assistance of the white people in quelling those that have rebelled. They are making every arrangement to attack the frontier of Bigby-- They have also received letters from Canada, demanding of the English Store, in Pensacola, arms and ammunition and my captains inform me the party with their pack horses, must be in Pensacola about this time. I am also sorry to inform you that about 50 of the Yanally town warriors have joined Tulley who the Muscogees have made a chief of, and are at present on Black Warrior holding their dances and making all preparations to attack the frontiers. In two days I call my warriors, belonging to my district, to make them acquainted and obtain their opinions respecting the business.
"I assure you and the rest of my white brethren, that you have my friendship, and should there be any depredations committed against the white people in my district, I certainly shall seek satisfaction.
his
MUSHULATUBA.
mark.
"I do certify that the within and above statement are agreeable to the report made by the Indians now from the Creek nation.
(Signed)
JOHN PITCHLYN."
"The statement of the Indians says 2000 are in arms against the United States.
George S. Gaines, Esq.
U. States' Factor. St. Stephens.
"Dear Sir - The greatest consternation prevailed in consequence of the destruction of Jas. Cornell's house by seven or eight Indians, and the probable murder of his family--and if the conduct of the Spaniards should be equally infamous with that of the British, our dangers will be great. The Little Warrior who was put to death, had a letter it is said from the British general in Canada, to the governor in Pensacola, to furnish the Indians with arms and ammunition. A great number have gone down (Muniac thinks 300) to Pensacola for that purpose and will probably return this week, should they be supplied. They are to attack both our settlements--those on the Mississippi, Tennessee and Georgia. If their plan be really as extensive as it is stated to be, they can only harass the outside settlers, and might be repelled if vigorous and judicious efforts were made. Mr. Pierce and Mr. Taite are going down to day to ascertain whether they have been supplied or not. All the half breeds as well as Muniac (who had a very narrow escape,) have come down to the cut off. The Tensaw people are partly down here and partly preparing for defence at home. The Big Warrior it is supposed has been taken.
"M'Intosh, Alexander Connells and colonel Hawkins, have all, it is said, fled to Georgia. I made one communication to col. Bowyer's yesterday and am making another to day. Indeed I did hope that the statement I made to him a fortnight ago would have induced him to send the volunteers up to the Alabama--possibly false alarm heretofore may have rendered him sceptical.
I shall write this evening to gen. Claiborne hoping to hasten his approach. The 70 men that are come are invalids. I shall send a large mail up for Chickasaws on Friday--We fear that Rigdon may have been murdered. He took the mail through the Creek Nation.
I am, dear sir,
H. TOULMIN."
Fort Stoddart July 29th 1813.
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Where did it happen?
Domestic News Details
Primary Location
Creek Nation
Event Date
July 1813
Key Persons
Outcome
eight us-friendly creek chiefs killed; destruction of jas. cornell's house and probable murder of his family; frontier settlers fleeing farms; building forts for defense; 2000 creeks reportedly in arms against us; big warrior possibly taken; fears for mail carrier rigdon's life.
Event Details
Incipient civil war in Creek Nation between peace government allied with US and rebellious chiefs seeking ammunition from Pensacola, encouraged by letters from Canada and Creek Prophets. Rebellious factions from 16 towns killed friendly chiefs; Big Warrior and allies in hiding, seeking US aid. Choctaw leader Mushulatubee reports disturbances, offers friendship to whites. Settlers alarmed, preparing defenses; Spaniards refused arms but citizens sold powder.